Month: November 2016

[Greek] ‎κατηχέω (katēcheō), [Latin] eruditus, [Latin[ docere, [Latin] instruere, [Latin] audire, [Latin] catecizare: to teach by word of mouth, to instruct, sounding down into the ears, to catechize, to inform, to echo; Act 18:25, Rom. 2:18, 1Cor.14:19, Gal. 6:6, Lk.1:4,…

‎[Greek] σχίζω (schizō), [Latin] dividare: to split, to divide, to cleave, to tear, to sever; Mt. 27:51, Mt. 15:38, Lk. 5:36, Jn. 19:24, Jn.21:11, Act.14:4, Act.23:7, Mk. 1:10 Background information: Old Testament:  This term is predominantly used in the active…

‎[Greek] βάπτω (baptō), [French] immerger, [Latin] aspergere, [Old German] dunken: to dip, to steep, to moisten, to bathe, to stain; Lk.16:24, Jn.13:26, Rev. 19:13 Background Information: Secular history:  Blacksmiths dip the red-hot steel in water to temper it. Potters use…

‎[Greek] ἀριθμέω (arithmeō), [Latin] numare: Rev.7:9, Mt.10:30, Lk.12:7; to number, to count, to sum, to calculate Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to count, to consider, to number, to pay, and to reckon. Primitive man could only count when…

‎[Greek] ποιητής (poiētēs), [Latin] poeta, [Latin] factor: maker, doer, producer, performer, artist, poet, author, poet; Rom. 2:13, Jas.1:22-25, Jas.4:11, Act 17:28 Greek Hellenism: This term means maker, begetter, inventor, composer, author, poet, workman. Xenophon’s Cyropaedia 11.638: “You yourself must also…

‎[Greek] συλάω (sylaō), [Latin] expoliare: to plunder, to rob, to make spoil of, to strip with impunity; 2 Cor. 11:8 Temple of Theseus: a refuge for slaves Background information: Ancient Greece: Some temples, altars, groves, and statues of the gods…

‎[Greek] ὀστράκινος (ostrakinos), [Latin] fictilis: potshard, clay, tile, earthenware, earthen vessel, shell; 2Cor.4:7, 2Tim.2:20  Pottery shards were used in voting to banish those who were perceived as threatening the stability of the state. The names of the persons to be…

[Greek]‎ ἀμοιβή (amoibē), [Latin] reddere, [French] restituer: repayment, recompense, change, requital, return, alternation; 1Tim.5:4 Background Information: New Testament: In Paul’s first letter to Timothy, words of advice are given for the care of widows. The first responsibility for their care…

‎[Greek] κουστωδία (koustōdia), [Latin] custodire, [French] garder, [French] proteger: guard, Roman sentry, watch, custody; Mt. 27:65-66, Mt. 28:11 Background Information: Roman Empire: The Roman guard consists of 4 to 16 soldiers. In battle formation, this guard would form a square…

[Greek] αἵρεσις (hairesis), [Latin] hairesis, [Latin] secta, [Latin] dissensio: faction, opinion, party, division, a choosing, sect, choice; Act. 5:17, Act, 15:5, Act.24:5,14, Act.26:5, Act.28:22, 2 Pet.2:1, 1Cor.11:17-19, Gal.5:20 Various schools of thought Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term means doctrine,…

[Greek] ιπποπόταμος (hippopatmus) [Hebrew] בְּהֵמוֹת (behē·môṯ): river horse, behemoth, Job 40:15, 21-27 Background Information: The hippopotamus is considered as the Egyptian beast of the reeds. This beast, called the “Nile Horse”, was considered sacred to the Egyptian fertility gods. Hippos…

‎[Greek] τίτλος (titlos), [Latin] titulus: title, inscription, placard, writing, accusation/crime of accused; Jn.19:19-20 Santa Maria della Vittoria Church Cardinal Sean O’Malley (titular head) Background Information: Pagan Culture: This was an inscription on stone. A titulus (inscription) was a notice or…

‎[Greek] σῖτος (sitos), [Latin] frumentum: corn, grain, wheat; Act.27:38, Act.7:12, Mt.13:25,29 Grain used in sacrificial offerings in the temple Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term means grain, provisions, aid, food, and allowance. Homer’s Odyssey 13.244 states “Therein grows corn beyond…

‎[Greek] κατηγορία (katēgoria), [Latin] accusare, [Latin] accusatio: accusation, charge, criminal charge, classification; Jn.18:27, 1Tim.5:19, Tit.1:6, Lk.6:7 Socrates was accused of being an atheist Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term essentially means to make a formal charge or accusation against someone…

‎[Greek] ἀποστρέφω (apostrephō), [Latin] mutare, [Latin] convertere, [Latin] tradere, [Latin] avertere:to turn away, to turn back, to put back, to avert, to return, to bring back, to pervert, to remove; Act. 3:26, Lk.23:14, Mt. 26:52, Rom. 11:26, 2 Tim. 4:4,…

‎[Greek] θησαυρίζω (thēsaurizō), [Latin] thesauros, [Latin] thesaurizare, [Latin] reponere: to store up, to lay up, to store up treasure, to keep in store, to amass, to gather up, to heap, to reserve; Mt.6:19-20, Lk.12:21,Jas.5:3,1Cor. 16:2, 2 Cor.12:14, 2 Pet. 3:7,…

‎[Greek] γυμνός (gymnos), [Latin] nudus: naked, poorly clothed, bare, without clothing; Mt.25:44, Mk.14:52, 1Cor.15:37,Jas.2:15, 2 Cor. 5:3, Heb.4:13, Jn.21:7, Rev. 17:16 The gymnasium in Pompeii Background Information: Greek culture: The gymnasium in ancient Greece functioned as a training ground or…

‎[Greek] συμποσία (symposia), [Latin] contubernium: common meal, banquet, drinking party; Mk. 6:39 Background Information: Greek/Roman culture: The Greek symposium was a Hellenistic social institution. It was a forum for men of respected families to debate, plot, boast, or simply to…

‎[Greek] συκοφαντέω (sykophanteō), [Latin] caluminiari: to make false charges, to accuse fraudulently, to exhort; Lk. 3:14, Lk.19:8 Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to denounce, to accuse, to bring false charges against, to cheat, to inform, to blackmail, and…

‎[Greek] σεισμός (seismos), [Latin] motus: earthquake, storm, tempest, commotion, shaking, disaster; Mt.8:24,Mt. 24:7,Mt.27:54, Mk.13:8, Lk.21:11, Act. 16:26,36 Moses and the Hebrews at Mt. Sinai Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term means shaking, shock, earthquake, agitation, and commotion. Euripides’ Heracles 862…

‎‎[Greek] διαβάλλω (diaballō), [Latin] diffamari:to bring charges against, to accuse, to defame, to malign, to separate; Lk.16:1 Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to throw, to discredit, to attack, to accuse, to misrepresent, and to set against. Antiphon’s First…

‎[Greek] παρθένος (parthenos),[Latin] virgo: virgin, a chaste person, an unmarried person, one who has had no sexual relations; Mt.1:23, Lk. 1:27, Act.21:9, 1Cor.7:25, 2Cor.11:2, Mt.1:16, Rev.114:4 The Parthenon Background Information: Greek culture: The Parthenon was a temple dedicated to the…

‎[Greek] διακονέω (diakoneō), [Latin] ministrare, [Latin] adminstrare, [French] servir: be an attendant, wait at table, to serve, respond to the needs of the people, to distribute, to minister, to provide for; Mt. 20:28, Mt.25:44-45, 1Tim.3:10, Act.6:2, Rom.16:1 The Ordination of…