[Greek] ἀνατρέπω (anatrepō), [Latin] subvertere: to overturn, to destroy, to overthrow, to subvert, to ruin; Jn.2:15, 2Tim.2:18, Tit.1:11
Background information:
Greek Hellenism: This term means to seize, to overthrow, to upset, to ruin, to refute, to be upset, and to divert.
Sophocles’ Trachinae 1009: “You have wakened the pain that was quiet. Now it has seized me.”
Demosthenes’ On the Crown 18.296: “They have overthrown forever that freedom and independence which to the Greeks of an earlier age were the very standard and canon of prosperity.”
Aeschine’ Against Timarchus 1.190: “Many men of this sort have overthrown cities. That the impulse to do wrong is from the wickedness of mean.”
Herodotus’ the Histories 1.32: “For the god promises fortune to many people and then utterly ruins them.”
Aristophanes’ Wasps 671: “Pay tribute to me, they say, or I shall loose the lightning on your town and destroy it.”
![]()
Tropaeum Traiani: This monument was built in 109 AD to commemorate Roman Emperor Trajan’s victory (turning point) over the Dacians.
Old Testament: This term means to increase, to push down to thrust, to drive away, to depose, to extend, to bind, to loose, and to be broken.
New Testament:
Jn.2:15: “He made a whip out of cords and drove them all out of the temple area, with the sheep and oxen, and spilled the coins of the money-changers and overturned their tables.” (The money-changers engaged in commerce in the outer court of the temple where the Gentiles gathered. They were turning this worship space in to a marketplace.)
2Tim.2:18: “[Avoid those] who have deviated from the truth saying that the resurrection has already taken place and are upsetting the faith of some.”
- False teachers in Ephesus promoted controversies, empty speculations, personal opinions, and verbal trick that distracted believers from sound doctrine and Godly living.
- Such disputes unsettle consciences, divide churches, and cause error.
- Making oneself acceptable to God requires faithfulness, devotion and obedience, integrity, enduring, and being living sacrifices.
- When truth is neglected, error gains influence, and careless words prepare the way for corrupt beliefs and conduct.
- False teaching spreads like gangrene, threatening the whole body. False teaching corrupts faith, unsettles believers, and damages the life of the Church.
- Hymenaeus and Philetus had been disciplined for blasphemy for promoting the error that the resurrection had already occurred
Tit.1:11: “It is imperative to silence them, as they are upsetting whole families by teaching for sordid gain what they should not.” (False teachers threatened the stability of young congregation in Crete. Financial greed exposed the corrupt motive behind their teaching. False teachers confused individuals, brought spiritual disorder into families. The household was a central setting for Christian worship, discipleship, and hospitality.)
[Greek] ἐκτρέπω (ektrepō), [Latin] convertere, [Latin] devitare, [Latin] errare, [French] tourner, [French] se changer: to turn away, to avoid, to put out of joint, to turn aside, to deflect, to sprain, to shun; 1Tim.1:6, 1Tim.5:15, 1Tim.6:20, 2Tim.4:4, Heb.12:13
1Tim.1:6: “Some people have deviated from these sound teachings and turned to meaningless talk.” (Paul warned Paul against false doctrine. Paul instructed Timothy not to teach false doctrine, myths, speculations, and human traditions. Some claim to be teachers of the law, but without understanding what they are saying or doing.)
1 Tim.5:15: “For some [younger widows] have already turned away to follow Satan.” (This can certainly apply to anyone. Like some widows, some choose a path of sensuality, lack of self-denial, turning away from the culture, idleness, mischief ,walking according to the world, following false teachers, and condemning marriage.)
1Tim.6:20: “O, Timothy, guard what has been entrusted to you. Avoid profane babbling and the absurdities of so-called knowledge.”
- Paul was warning against heretical teachers.
- Gnosticism was the great enemy of the Church.
- Paul was referring to speculations, myths, special knowledge, and heresies.
- Paul warns about heretical teachers and heretical teachings. The faith must be safeguarded.
2Tim. 4:3-4: “The time will come when people will not tolerate sound doctrine, but following their own desires and insatiable curiosity, will accumulate teachers. They will stop listening to the truth and will be diverted to myths.” (Paul tells Timothy to persistently proclaim the Word, whether it is convenient or inconvenient. One must convince, reprimand, and encourage through all patience and teaching.)
[Greek] διαστρέφω (diastrephō), [Latin] pervertere, [Latin] perversus, [Latin] subvertere, [Latin] avertere, [French] ruiner, [French] detourner; Mt.17:17, Lk.9:41, Lk.23:2, Acts 13:8,10, Acts 20:30, Php.2:15
Acts 13:10: “You son of the devil, you enemy of deceit and fraud. Will you not stop twisting the straight paths of the Lord?” (Paul confronted Elymas, exposing his resistance to the gospel. Jesus identifies those who knowingly opposed and twisted God’s truth as children of the devil. Elymas used false spiritual claims and deliberate manipulation to mislead others.)
Acts 20:30: “And from your own group, men will come forward perverting the truth to draw the disciples away after them.” (Paul warned the Ephesian elders that danger would arise within the Church’s own leadership
- Paul warned the Ephesian elders that danger would arise within the Church’s own leadership.
- False teachers often gain influence because they are known, trusted and able to present error in familiar religious language.
- Ambition, pride and a desire for personal authority can corrupt those who hold spiritual responsibility.
- The elders are to remain watchful over themselves as well as over the Church.
- Paul had repeatedly defended the truth against those who added human works (traditions).
- Sound doctrine protects the Church from teachings that appear spiritual but turn believers away from the gospel.
- True shepherds point the flock to the Chief Shepherd.
- False shepherds build factions around their own authority, ideas, human traditions, and reputation.
Etymology: The Greek verb means to turn (-trepo) up (ana-). The Latin verb subvertere means to turn upside down, to overturn, or to overthrow. The past participle of the Latin verb subvertere is subversive. The Latin noun trophaeum is a sign of victory (monument) of a turning point (victory) of a battle. This leads to the present-day word trophy. A trope is a figure of speech that has turned away from its ordinary sense.
Conclusion:
Subvert, subversive, trophy, trope
Greek Hellenism: this term take on some more nuanced meanings: being upset, refuting, diverting, ruining, and exacerbating
New Testament: It has been speculated that about one million Jews traveled to Jerusalem for the Passover. It was necessary for merchants to sell sheep, oxen and other supplies for visitors. Jesus had overthrown the money-changers’ tables because they took up space in the Gentiles’ outer court, preventing them from worshipping. The Gentiles’ outer court was to be the starting point for the universal Church consisting of Gentiles.
Update: More German “false compassion: a German theological professor says that Church has to go further with implementing Amoris Latetitia. (Further straying from Church teachings. Shocker!)
It has become very evident that Pope Leo’s Synodal ideology has not slowed down. It seems that Pope Leo is becoming more emboldened in implementing his Synodal agenda.
More Synodal ecumenism: Freemasonry has taken great please in Pope Leo’s election.
A German Catholic church hosted a concert featuring Taylor Swift’s music NEAR THE ALTAR! This is liturgical sacrilege on so many levels.
Pope Leo: the world needs ecumenical witness to Christ. How about instead following Jesus’ command to make disciples to bring souls into heaven? Just a thought.
The Vatican Synod proposes that lay woman officiate at weddings. The Synodal Church continues to intentionally blur the lines of vocation and gender roles in the Church.
Pope Leo will join nearly 400 leaders of false religions in Assisi for the “spiritual unification” of the world. Pope Leo more interested in ecumenism and faith differences than following Jesus’ command to make disciples and to bring souls into heaven.
“Silence in the face of evil is itself evil: God will not hold us guiltless. Not to speak is to speak. Not to act is to act.” Dietrich Bonhoeffer
“Your division has perverted many; it has brought many to despair, many to doubting, and all of us to sorrow. And your sedition still continues.” Pope Clement I
“In every sin, we choose to believe the devil’s lie rather than God’s truth.” Peter Kreeft
“You don’t want to be so open minded that your brains fall out!” GK Chesterton
“We do not want a church that will move with the world. We want a church that will move the world.” GK Chesterton
“It is an error to believe that Christ did not teach a determined body of doctrine applicable to all times and to all men.” Pope Pius X
“The true friends of the people are neither revolutionaries, nor innovators, but traditionalist.” Pope Pius X































![Greek] ἀπειλή (apeilē), [Latin] loquere, [French] parler, [French] chasser – Resounding The Faith](https://i0.wp.com/resoundingthefaith.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/apeile1.jpg?w=978&ssl=1)


































The Greco-Roman stage often stages dramas and plays illustrating the human condition.



























