[Greek] ξένος (xenos), [Latin] hospes, [Latin] peregrinus, [Latin] pilgerin: a host, a guest, a stranger, one who shows hospitality, a strange thing, one receives and entertains, a foreigner, an alien, foreign, strange; Act.17:18, Heb.13:9, 1Pet.4:12, Rom.16:23, Mt.25:35, Act.17:21, Heb.11:13, 3 Jn.…
[Greek] θεατρίζω (theatrizō), [Latin] spectaculum
[Greek] θεατρίζω (theatrizō), [Latin] spectaculum: to make a spectacle of, to bring up to the stage, to expose publicly, to make an example of, to make a public spectacle, to make a gazing stock, to expose to contempt; Heb. 10:33,…
[Greek] σκοπέω (skopeō), [Latin] videre, [Latin] observare, [Latin] contemplare, [Latin] considerare, [French] voir
[Greek] σκοπέω (skopeō), [Latin] videre, [Latin] observare, [Latin] contemplare, [Latin] considerare, [French] voir: to view closely, to examine, to fix one’s eyes upon, to observe, to behold, to contemplate, to consider, to mark, to pay attention; Rom.16:17, Phil.3:17, Gal.6:1, Phil.2:4,…
[Greek] ἀπορφανίζω (aporphanizō), [Latin] desolare
[Greek] ἀπορφανίζω (aporphanizō), [Latin] desolare: to be orphaned, to make someone an orphan, to have someone torn apart, to make parents deprived of children; 1Thess. 2:17 Paul speaks in the public square in Thessalonica. A disturbance ensues and a mob…
The Papacy: (1900-1978 A.D.) Part 20
St. Pius X (1903-1914) 259th Pope He wanted to first spread Eucharistic devotions among the faithful. At this time reception of Communion was received only around Easter He began a campaign to revive frequent or daily communion He…
The Papacy: (1800-1900 A.D.) Part 19
Pius VII (1800-1823) 253rd Pope Napolean was anxious to reconcile his country with the Church Catholicism was later recognized as the religion of the state in France He started to reorganize the shattered Church in Europe. This task…
The Papacy: (1700-1800 A.D.) Part 18
Clement XI (1700-1721) 245th Pope He was renowned for his piety and wit He reformed prison administration, pioneered public works, and distributed vast amounts of charity He declared the feast of the Conception of the Virgin as a…
[Greek] φαρμακεία (pharmakeia), [Latin] pharmacia
[Greek] φαρμακεία (pharmakeia), [Latin] pharmacia: use of medicine or drugs, spells, sorcery, magic, witchcraft, occult; Gal.5:20, Rev.18:23, Rev.9:21 A sorceress is one who dabbles in pharmakeia (spells, magic, potions, and elixirs). This figure becomes an early precursor to the modern…
[Greek] ἀλληγορέω (allēgoreō)
[Greek] ἀλληγορέω (allēgoreō): to speak allegorically, to speak figuratively, to make an allegory, to speak symbolically; Gal.4:24, 1Cor.5:6-8, 1Cor9:8-10, Jn.15:1-17 Israel is the allegorical vine brought by out of Egypt by God Background Information: Allegorical Mythology: As many of the…
[GreeK] ἐνδημέω (endēmeō), [Latin] praesente
[GreeK] ἐνδημέω (endēmeō), [Latin] praesente: to be in one’s own country, to be at home, to be among one’s own people, to be present; 2Cor.5:6,8,9 Background Information: Physical (bodily) and invisible (spiritual) realms: Paul and Christians, living in the physical…
[Greek] βαρέω (bareō), [Latin] gravitas
[Greek] βαρέω (bareō), [Latin] gravitas: to weigh down, to be overcome, to be weighted down, to be heavy, to be pressed, to have “heavy” eyes (drowsy), to be sleepy; Lk.21:34, 2Cor.1:8, 2Cor.5:4, 1Tim.5:16, Lk.9:32, Mt.26:43 Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This…
[Greek] παύω (pauō), [Latin] pausa, [Latin] disinere, [Latin] coercere
[Greek] παύω (pauō), [Latin] pausa, [Latin] disinere, [Latin] coercere: to cease, to pause, to quit, to come to an end, to stop, to get release from, to refrain; Lk.5:4, Lk.8:24, Lk.11:1, Act.5:42, Act.6:13, Act.13:10, Act.20:1, Act.21:32,1Cor.13:8, Eph.1:16, Col.1:9, Heb.10:2, 1Pet.4:1,…
The Papacy: (1600-1700 A.D.) Part 17
Leo XI (1605) 234th Pope He was a very generous person He led an ascetical life Paul V (1605-1621) 235th Pope His first act was to send all prelates and cardinals to their dioceses…
The Papacy (1500-1600 A.D) Part 16
Pius III (1503) 217th Pope His ill health forced him to celebrate Mass while sitting Julius II (1503-1513) 218th Pope Though not too pastoral, he was an energetic pope He led…
[Greek] καρδία (kardia), [Latin] cor
[Greek] καρδία (kardia), [Latin] cor: heart; Act.21:34, Act.14:17, Lk.24:32, Mk.7:21, Lk.21:14, Mk.12:30, Lk.16:15 Old Testament: the heart is the “seat” of moral and religious conduct Background Information: Old Testament: This term is predominantly depicted in the figurative sense. The figurative…
The Papacy: (1400-1500 A.D.) Part 15
Innocent VII (1404-1406) 206th Pope He had taken an oath to end the schism in any way possible He was a man of great culture but of weak character He failed to resolve the schism He enlarged…
The Papacy: (1300-1400 A.D.) Part 14
Blessed Benedict XI (1303-1304) 196th Pope He became a Dominican He was respected for his holiness Clement V (1305-1314) 197th Pope The papal tiara was lost He settled in Avignon, beginning the “Babylonian captivity”…
[Greek] ἔκστασις (ekstasis), [Latin] stupore, [Latin] invadare, [Latin] adprehendere
[Greek] ἔκστασις (ekstasis), [Latin] stupore, [Latin] invadare, [Latin] adprehendere: a standing out of one’s self, being aside oneself, amazement, astonishment, trance, lose one’s senses, state of being beyond reason and self-control; Mk.5:42, Mk.16:8, Lk.5:26, Act.3:10, Act.10:10, Act.11:5, Act.22:17 The Oracle…
[Greek] συμφωνέω (symphōneō), [Latin] consentire, [Latin] convenire, [Latin] concordare
[Greek] συμφωνέω (symphōneō), [Latin] consentire, [Latin[ convenire, [Latin] concordare: to be in harmony, to be in accord, to “sound together”, to agree, to have singleness of mind; Lk.5:6, Act.15:15, Mt. 18:19-20, Act 5:9, Mt.20:2 It was necessary for two or…
[Greek] λαμπρός (lampros), [Latin] alba, [Latin] candida
[Greek] λαμπρός (lampros), [Latin] alba, [Latin] candida: bright, shiny, brilliant, clear, splendid, magnificent, gorgeous; Lk.23:11, Act.10:30, Jas.2:2, Rev.22:6, Rev.18:14, Rev.15:6, Rev.19:8, Rev.22:16 The candidatus (political candidate) aspires to be in office wearing a bright white toga (candida toga) Background Information:…
The Papacy: (1200-1300 A.D.) Part 13
Honorius III (1216-1227) 179th Pope This was the first time that cardinals compromised in choosing a pope He sought to achieve moral reformation of the Church He sought to carry out a Crusade He encourages evangelization of Prussia…
The Papacy: (1100-1200 A.D.) Part 12
St. Gelasius II (1118-1119) 163rd Pope He was captured, dragged, and thrown into a dungeon. He forgave his captor Callixtus (1119-1124) 164th Pope He spent much of his time suppressing lay investiture Lay investiture…
[Greek] γλεῦκος (gleukos),[Latin] mustum
[Greek] γλεῦκος (gleukos),[Latin] mustum: sweet wine, new wine, unfermented wine, fresh grape juice, must; Act.2:13 A stone winepress discovered in Hamei Yo’av Israel Background Information: Old Testament: This Greek term gleukos refers to several related Hebrew terms in the Old…