Exegesis

‎‎[Greek] παροικία (paroikia), [Latin] peregrinus, [Latin] moratus, [German] pilgerin, [French] voyager: parishioners, alien residence, sojourning, non-citizens dwelling as residents, pilgrims on a journey; Act.13:17, 1Pet.1:17 Colorized image of newly arrived immigrants in New York City’s Lower East Side in 1900…

[Greek] ἀνάθημα (anathēma), [Latin] devovere, [Latin] devotio: something laid up, something made anathema, something set apart, votive offering, gift dedicated to God, something cursed, something set aside for destruction, curse, oath, what is spoken, curse of excommunication; Lk. 21:5, Acts…

[Greek]‎γνωρίζω (gnōrizō), [Latin] ostendere, [Latin] facere, [Latin] agnoscere, [Latin] ignorare, [French] montrer, [German] machen, [French] decouvir, [French] reconnaitre, [French] percevoir: to not be ignorant of, to come to know, to have known, to have made known, to reveal, to cause…

[Greek] πτύω (ptuō), [Latin] spuere: to spit, to spit upon, to loathe; Mk.7:33, Mk.8:33, Jn.9:6 Christ Healing the Blind Man: painting by Gioacchino Assereto (1600-1649) Background Information: Greek Hellenism: The Greek physician Galen (129-210 A.D) hypothesized that nasal phlegm originated…

[Greek] φορτίον (phortion), [Latin] portio: burden, portion, load, cargo, task, lading, something carried, task, service; Mt.11:30, Mt.23:4, Lk.11:46, Act. 27:10, Gal. 6:5 Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term can be used in a variety of nuanced meanings. This term can…

[Greek] λατρεία (latreia), [Latin] legislatio, [Latin] sanctum, [Latin] sacrificium: service, divine worship, ministry, divine service, work of a hired servant (slave); Jn.16:2, Rom.9:4, Rom.12:1, Heb. 9:1,6 Mosaic Law: Only the High Priest was allowed to stand in God’s presence. Background…

[Greek] κλάσμα (klasma), [Latin] fragmenta: fragment, broken piece, remnant, morsel, bit; Mt.14:20, Mt.15:34, Mk.6:43, Mk.8:8,19-20, Lk. 9:17, Jn.6:12-13 Fractio Panis (The Breaking of the Bread): a fresco found in the Catacombs of Priscilla (1st half of the 2nd century) in…

‎[Greek] κανών (kanōn), [Latin] regulae: canon, reed, standard, rod, rule, sphere, principle, measuring rod, limit; 2Cor.10:13,15-16, Gal.6:16, Php.3:16, Rev. 18:5 “See, I am laying a plumb line in the midst of my people Israel” Amos 7:8 (A plumb line represents…

[Greek] θύρα (thyra), [Latin] foris, [Old English] dor: door, entrance, gate portal; Mt.6:6, Mt. 24:33, Mt.25:10, Mt.27:60, Mt. 28:2, Mk.1:33, Mk.2:2, Mk.11:4, Mk.13:29, Mk.15:46, Mk.16:3, Lk.11:7, Lk.13:25, Jn.10:1,2,7,9, Jn.18:16, Jn.20:19:26, Act: 3:2, Act:5:19,23, Act 12:6,13, Act 14:27, Act 16:26,27, Act…

[Greek] ἐξορκίζω (exorkizō), [Latin] conjurare: to administer an oath, to adjure, to exact an oath, to force to an oath, to charge under oath, to appeal by an oath, to bind by an oath; Mt.26:63 The Original Hippocratic Oath Background…

[Greek] ῥίζα (rhiza), [Latin] radix: root, foundation, base of a mountain, base of a tree or plant; Mt.3:10, Mt.13:6,21, Mk.4:6, Mk.4:17, Lk.3:9, Lk.8:13, Ron.11:16-18, 1Tim.6:10, Heb.12:15, Rev.5:5, Rev.22:16 Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term, used both literally and metaphorically, can…

[Greek] βασκαίνω (baskainō), [Latin] fascinare: to slander, to bewitch, to malign, to fascinate, to speak ill of someone, to bring evil on a person, to mislead by an evil eye, to charm, Gal.3:1 Roman Era (Early 2nd Century A.D in…

[Greek] στενός (stenos): narrow, small, straight, tight; Mt.7:13,14, Lk.13:24 The Narrow Gate to Heaven and the Wide Gate to Hell: painting by Cornelis de Bie (1627-1715) Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term means narrow, thin, paltry, and poor. In a…

[Greek] ἄνοια (anoia), [Latin] insipientia: folly, foolishness, rage, fury, madness, senselessness, lack of understanding; Lk.6:11, 2Tim.3:9 Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term means unreason, foolishness, and folly. This can also been seen as a moral defect such as rage or…

[Greek] εἴσοδος (eisodos), [Latin] adventus, [Latin} introitum: entrance, a way in, a coming in besides (epeisodos), a leading in, an entering in, place of entering, a welcoming, a coming; Acts 13:24, 1Thess.2:1, Heb. 10:19, 1Thess.1:9, 2Pet.1:11 Roman theater: Two side…

[Greek] λάμπω (lampō), [Latin] resplendere, [Latin] splendere, [Latin] inluminare, [German] blinken: to shine, to give light, to beam, to radiate; Mt.5:15,16, Mt.17:2, Lk.17:24, Acts 12:7, 2Cor.4:6 When God made the world, He created light. Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term…

[Greek] νόσος (nosos), [Latin] morbus; disease, infirmity, disability, malady, illness, wound, sickness; Mt.5:15,16, Mt.17:2, Lk.17:24, Acts 12:7, 2Cor.4:6 The Flagellation of Our Lord Jesus Christ: painting by William Adolphe Bouguereau (1880) Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term, primarily meaning sickness,…

[Greek] ὑγιαίνω (hygiainō), [Latin] salvam, [Latin] sanae: to be in harmony, to be healthy, to be well, to be accurate, to be in agreement with, to have balance; Lk.5:31, Lk.7:10, Lk.15:27, 1Tim.1:10, 1Tim. 6:3, 2Tim.1:13, 2Tim4:3, Tit.1:9,13, Tit.2:1,2, 3Jn. 2…

‎[Greek] ἀφανίζω (aphanizō), [Latin] demolire, [Latin] disperdere, [Latin] exterminare: to vanish, to disappear, to destroy, to make unseen, to render unapparent, to corrupt, to perish, to disfigure, to ruin, to do away, to make ugly, to consume, to be destroyed,…

‎[Greek] σκηνόω (skēnoō), [Latin] habitare: to have one’s tent, to dwell, to encamp, to tent, to tabernacle, to live in a tent, to reside, to occupy, to take up residence, to dwell in a tent (or tabernacle), to pitch a…

‎[Greek] κέρας (keras), [Latin] cornu: horn, bony growth, hair of the head; Lk.1:69, Rev.5:6, Rev.9:13, Rev.12:3, Rev.13:1, Rev.17:1,3,7,12,16 Background Information: Greco-Roman history: This term is commonly found in the Greek, Persian, and Babylonian world. This term can be found in…

[Greek] δρόμος (dromos), [Latin] cursus: race, mission, course, track, career, path, life; Acts.13:25, Acts.20:24, 2Tim.4:7 Modern day photo of the remains of the Circus Maximus in Rome, the first and largest stadium in ancient Rome. Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This…

[Greek] σοφίζω (sophizō), [Latin] instrurere, [Latin] intellectus: to make wise, to render wise, to give wisdom, to know how to contrive cleverly, to devise cleverly; 2Tim.3:15, 2Pet.1:16 Protagoras of Abdera: Painting by Jose de Ribera (1637). Considered the greatest of…

‎[Greek] τύπτω (typtō), [Latin] percutere: to strike, to beat, to smite, to wound, to thump, to hit, to injure, to stamp; Mt.24:49, Mt. 27:30, Mk.15:19, Lk.6:29, Lk.12:45, Lk.18:13, Lk.22:64, Acts 18:17, Acts 21:32, Acts 23:2-3, 1Cor.8:12 Pompeian mosaic of tympanon…

[Greek] μεταμορφόω (metamorphoō), [Latin] transfigure, [Latin] transformare, [Latin] reformatio, [French] metamorphoser: to transform, to be transfigured, to change, to transform the essential nature of something, to change form; Mt.17:2, Mk.9:2, Rom.12:2, 2Cor.3:18 Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to…

[Greek] πορεύω (poreuō): to move from one place to another, to go, to cause to go, to go through a passage, to go through something porous, to pass through, to travel on a journey, to behave, to go way, to…

[Greek] κέντρον (kentron), [Latin] centrum: center, sharp point, sting, prick, goad, pointed stick; 1Cor.15:55,56, Act. 26:14, Rev.9:10 The honey bee becomes helpless and dies when it loses its stinger Background informtion: Hellenism: This term, essentially meaning anything which pierces, can…

‎[Greek] ὁρμάω (hormaō), [Latin] introire: to set into motion, to hasten, to rush, to start, to spur, to urge on, to run violently, to rush in a stampede, to incite; Mt. 8:32, Mk.5:13, Lk.8:33, Acts.7:57, Acts.19:29 The Stoning of Stephen…

‎[Greek] ὑπερβολή (hyperbolē),  [Latin] supra, [Latin] excelentoriem, [Latin] sublimitas, [Latin] magnitudo: a throwing beyond, excess, excellence, superiority, abundance, exceeding, extraordinary amount, a surpassing, exaggeration, beyond measure, all surpassing; Rom.7:13, 1Cor.12:31, 2Cor.1:8, 2Cor.4:7,17, 2Cor.12:7, Gal.1:13 Ancient Greco-Roman masks showing exaggerated and…

‎[Greek] ἐρημία (erēmia), [Latin] erimeta: wilderness (a place for a hermit), desert, desolate place, place of desolation (destruction), hermetic place, deserted place, uninhabited place, solitude, lonely place; Mt.15:33, Mk. 8:4, 2Cor.11:26, Heb.11:38 The Battle of Salamis (painting by Willhem von…

[Greek] σπένδω (spendō), [Latin] libare: to pour out, to make a libation, to be poured out like a drink, to devote one’s life (or blood) as a sacrifice, to be ready, to be offered, to be poured out as a…

[Greek] στοιχέω (stoicheō), [Latin] ambulare, [Latin] sequere, [French] marcher, [French] voyager: to walk by rule, to follow, to be stoic, to walk orderly, to conform to, to adhere to a standard of life, to imitate, to walk in a straight…

‎[Greek] στίγμα (stigma), [Latin] stigmata: tattoo, brand, mark, blot, scar, prick, social blot, scar of service, burn mark, sign of shame; Gal. 6:17 An awl was used to pierce the ears of a slave. An earring was given to show…

‎[Greek] σανδάλιον (sandalion), [Latin] caliga; sandal, sole-pad, shoe with a leather or wood sole held together by thongs or straps, Mk.6:8, Act.12:8 The sandal of a Roman soldier Background Information: Ancient History: This term essentially means sandals or shoes. Situations…

‎[Greek] μανθάνω (manthanō), [Latin] discere: to learn, “to do the math,” to be educated, to receive instruction, to be instructed, to be apprised of, to increase one’s knowledge, to ascertain; Mt.9:13, Mt.11:29, Mt.24:32, Mk.13:28, Jn.6:45, Jn.7:15, Acts.23:27, Rom.16:17, 1Cor.4:6, 1Cor.14:31,35,…

[Greek] σχίσμα (schisma), [Latin secta]: split, division, gap, schism, rent, separation, dissension, cleft; Mt.9:16, Mk. 2:21, Jn.7:43, Jn. 9:16, Jn. 10:19, 1Cor.1:10, 1Cor.11:18, 1Cor.12:25 Split Rock at Horeb: Moses struck the rock and water welled out to provide drink for…

[Greek] ἰατρός (iatros), [Latin] medicus: physician, healer, one who provides healing services; Mt.9:12, Mk.2:17, Mk.5:26, Lk.4:23, Lk.5:31, Lk.8:43, Col.4:14 A Sick Child Brought into the Temple of Aesculapius: painting by John William Waterhouse (1877) Background Information: Greek Hellenism: Primitive views…

[Greek] θρόνος (thronos), [Latin] sedes, [Latin] requietionis: throne, stately seat, power, seat of authority, chair, chair of a sovereignty, seat of government, Mt. 5:34, Mt.23:23, Act.7:49, Lk.1:52, Rev.2:13, Col.1:16 and others Queen Bathsheba intercedes and speaks to her son King…

[Greek] θώραξ (thōrax): breastplate, armor, trunk; Eph.6:14, 1Thess.5:8, Rev.9:9,17 Fresco of an ancient Macedonian soldier (thorakitai) Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term can be found in both a literal and metaphorical sense. Throughout history, examples of armor include leather (with…

[Greek] θριαμβεύω (thriambeuō), [Latin] triumphare: to lead in a triumphant procession, to triumph over, to conquest over, to lead in triumph; Col.2:15, 2Cor.2:14 The Emperor welcomes and addresses the Roman triumphal procession (parade) Background Information: Roman triumphal procession (triumphus): This…

[Greek] ἀκοή (akoē), [Latin] auditum: acoustics, a hearing, a sense of hearing, rumor, noise, sound, fame, report, ability of hearing, announcement, thing heard, what is heard; Mk.7:35, Rom.10:6, Jn.12:38, Gal.3:2, Heb.4:2, 1Cor.12:17, Mt.4:24, 2Tim4:3,4, Mt.13:14, Act.28:26, Act.17:20, Heb.5:11, Mt. 14:1,…

[Greek] ἀγοράζω (agorazō), [Latin] emere, [Latin] mercare: to buy in the marketplace (agora), to purchase the freedom of slaves, to purchase, to redeem, to frequent the marketplace, to do business, to buy or sell, to cause release or freedom of …

[Greek] πλουτέω (plouteō), [Latin] divites: to be rich, abounding in riches, to become wealthy, to get rich, to be increased with goods, to acquire wealth, to prosper, to be generous; Lk. 1:53, Lk.12:21, Rom.10:12, 1Cor.4:8, 1Cor.8:9, 1Tim.6:9,18, Rev.3:17,18, Rev.18:3.15,19 Plutus,…

[Greek] γάλα (gala), [Latin] potus, [Latin] lacte: milk, spiritual nourishment, abundance, instruction; 1Cor.3:2, 1Cor.9:7, Heb.5:12-13, 1Pet.2:2 The Milky Way galaxy Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term is used in both a literal and metaphorical sense. Milk, in the Dionysus cult…

[Greek] ἄβυσσος (abyssos): bottomless, very deep, bottomless place, boundless, abyss; Rev. 9:1,2,11, Rev.11:7, Rev.17:8, Rev.20:1,3, Rom.10:7, Lk.8:31 The Angel With The Keys Of The Abyss: (painting by Albrecht Durer 1498) Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term refers to the underworld…

[Greek] ὀρφανός (orphanos), [Latin] pupillos: orphan, parentless, one without parents, desolate, orphaned, fatherless; Jn.14:18, Jas.1:27 The Orphans in Haarlem: (painting by Jan de Bray in 1663) Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term means children orphaned, children abandoned, or without parents.…

[Greek] παράκλησις (paraklēsis), [Latin] exhortatio, [Latin] consolatio, [Latin] exhortare, [Latin] solacium: a calling beside, consolation, encouragement, comfort, solace, exhortation, appeal, earnest request, a calling to one’s aid, a calling near; Lk.2:25, Lk.6:24, Act.4:36, Act.9:31, Act.13:15, Act.15:31, Rom.12:8, Rom.15:4,5, 1Cor.14:3, 2Cor.1:3-7,…

[Greek] ποτίζω (potizō), [Latin] potitare: to provide a drink (something potent), to furnish, to drink, to irrigate, to water, to offer a drink, to nurture with water, to give a drink, to make a drink, to feed, to imbibe; Mt.23:35,…

[Greek] πειράζω (peirazō), [Latin] experiri, [Latin] temptare, [German] prufen, [French] toucher, [French] essayer: to explore, to test, to try, to examine, to attempt, to prove, to put to the test, to go about, to make proof of, to learn, to…

[Greek] μυέω (mueō), [Latin] mutare: to shut the eyes or mouth, to initiate into a mystery (musterion), to instruct, to learn the secrets, to teach; Php. 4:12 Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to initiate (be initiated) into the…

[Greek] πραγματεύομαι (pragmateuomai), [Latin] negotiari: to busy oneself, to do business, to occupy, to trade, to put capital to work, to be engaged in business; Lk.19:13,15 The public Agora in Delos Greece where merchants sold their wares Background information: Greek…

‎[Greek] ζυγός (zygos), [Latin] iugum: a yoke, a pair of scales, a coupling, a bond, a servitude, a submission; Mt.11:29-30, Act. 15:10, Rev.6:5, Gal.5:1, 1Tim6:1, Act.15:10, Mt.23:4 Oxen yoked together Background Information: Greek Hellenism: This term essentially means a pair…

[Greek] ζέω (zeō), [Latin] fervere: to have great fervor, to show enthusiasm, to boil, to seethe, to be hot, to be earnest, to be jealous, to envy; Act. 18:25, Rom. 12:11 Zeus throws glowing thunderbolts from Mt. Olympus Background Information:…

[Greek] λύω (luō), [Latin] solvere: to loosen, to destroy, to dissolve, to forgive, to melt, to put off, to release, to prevent, to break, to set free, to undo, to untie; Mk.1:7, Lk.13:15, Act.27:41, Eph.2:14, Act.13:43, Mt. 5:1, Jn.5:18, Mt.…

‎[Greek] πάσχω (paschō), [Latin] patere, [Latin] miserere, [Latin] passio, [Latin] sufferre, [French] endurer, [Latin] avoir pitie (have pity): to suffer, to undergo an experience (passion), to experience suffering, to endure, to feel in some measure, to suffer pain (hardship); 46…

[Greek] ἐνδύω (enduō), [Latin] induere, [Latin] vestire, [French] attirer: to clothe, to be clothed (sinking into a garment), to endow, to be endowed, to invest with clothing, to put on oneself, to put on, to dress oneself, to wear clothes,…

‎[Greek] μετρέω (metreō), [Latin] metiri: to measure, to measure out, to estimate, to ascertain, to give a measure, to apportion; Mt. 7:2, Mk.4:24, Lk.6:38, Jn.3:34, Mt. 23:32, Rev. 21:15,17, Rom. 12:3, Eph. 4:7, Rev. 11:1 This illustrates the wonderful folly…

‎[Greek] μέλαν (melan): black, black color, blackness, inky, dark; Mt.5:36, Rev.6:5,12, 2 Cor. 3:3, 2 Jn.12, 3 Jn. 13 The Nile River’s rich black colored delta (and river bed) provided fertile grounds for agriculture. Background Information: Ancient Greek: This term…