Exegesis

[Greek] ἀνθίστημι (anthistēmi), [Latin] resistere, [Latin] avertere, [French] detourner: to resist, to stand against, to withstand, to cope, to set against; Mt.5:39, Lk.21:15, Acts 6:10, Acts 13:8, Rom.9:19, Rom.13:2, Gal.2:11, Eph.6:13, 2Tim.3:8, 2Tim.4:15, Jas.4:7, 1Pet.5:9 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This…

[Greek] ὑβρίζω (hybrizō), [Latin] insultare, [Latin] flagellare: to insult, to mistreat, to outrage, to shame, to abuse; Mt.22:6, Lk.11:45, Lk.18:32, Acts 14:5, 1Thess.2:2 Thinking that it knows better, The Vatican states that calling Mary as “Co-Redemptrix” and “Mediatrix of All…

[Greek] ὁμολογέω (homologeō), [Latin] confitere, [German] hineinpressen, [French] fouler: to confess, to assent, to admit, to acknowledge; Mt.7:23, Mt.10:32, Mt.14:7, Lk.12:8, Jn.1:20, Jn.9:22, Jn.12:42, Acts 23:8, Acts 24:14, Rom.10:9-10, 1Tim.6:12, Tit.1:16, Heb.11:13, Heb.13:15, 1Jn.1:9, 1Jn.4:2-3,15, 2Jn.1:7 Background information: Greek Hellenism:…

[Greek] ἐπέρχομαι (eperchomai), [Latin] supervenire, [Latin] venire, [Latin] advenire, [German] kommen, [French] arriver: to come upon, to arrive, to overtake, to assault, to supervene; Lk.1:35, Lk.11:22, Lk.21:26,35, Acts 1:8, Acts 8:24, Acts 13:40, Acts 14:19, Eph.2:7, Jas.5:1 Background information: Greek…

[Greek] στοιχέω (stoicheō), [Latin] ambulare, [Latin] sequere, [French] marcher [French] voyager to walk by rule, to follow, to be stoic, to walk orderly, to conform to, to adhere to a standard of life, to imitate, to walk in a straight path,…

[Greek] μεριμνάω (merimnaō), [Latin] solicitare, [Latin] cogitare: to be anxious, to care for, to worry, to be concerned; Mt.6:25,27-28,31,34, Lk.10:41, Lk.12:11, Lk.12:22,25-26, 1Cor.7:32-34, 1Cor.12:25, Php.2:20, Php.4:6 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to care for, to be anxious about,…

[Greek] ἄφεσις (aphesis), [Latin] remissio: pardon, deliverance, forgiveness, remissio, release, dismissal; Mt.26:28, Mk.1:4, Mk.3:29, Lk.1:77, Lk.3:3, Lk.4:18, Lk.24:47, Acts 2:38, Acts 5:31, Acts 10:43, Acts 13:38, Acts 26:18, Eph.1:7, Col.1:14, Heb.9:22, Heb.10:18 The Last Supper: painting by Carl Bloch. Jesus…

[Greek] ἀρνέομαι (arneomai), [Latin] negare, [Latin] abnegare, [Latin] mendax, [French] nier: to deny, to reject, to refuse to agree, to refurse to follow, to disregard, to be false to oneself; 33 scriptural references The Denial of St. Peter: painting by…

[Greek] προσδέχομαι (prosdechomai), [Latin] expectare, [Latin] recipere, [Latin] excipere, [Latin] accipere, [French] adopter, [Latin] suscipere: to receive (favorably) to accept, to look for, to welcome, to wait, to anticipate; Mk.15:43, Lk.2:25,38, Lk.12:36, Lk.15;2, Lk.23:51, Acts 23:21, Acts 24:15, Rom.16:2, Php.…

[Greek] προσδοκάω (prosdokaō), [Latin] expectare, [Latin] non sperare, [Latin] cogitare: to watch, to expect to anticipate, to await, to look forward to the future; Mt.11:3, Mt.24:50, Lk.1:21, Lk.3:5, Lk.7:19-20, Lk.8:40, Lk.12:46, Acts 3:5, Acts 10:24, Acts 27:33, Acts 28:6, 2Pet.3:12-14…

[Greek] ἑτοιμάζω (hetoimazō), [Latin] parare, [Latin] praepare, [French] predisposer: to prepare, to make ready, to make arrangments, to furnish; 41 scriptural references John the Baptist wears the simple garment (animal skins) of a prophet. Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term…

[Greek] ἀποδέχομαι (apodechomai), [Latin] exipere, [Latin] suscipere, [French] adopter: to welcome, to accept, to receive, to receive; Lk.8:40, Acts 2:41, Acts 15:4, Acts 18:27, Acts 24:3, Acts 28:30 Jesus preaching: painting by James Tissot Background information: Greek Hellenism: This, having…

[Greek] ἀπαρνέομαι (aparneomai), [Latin] abnegare, [Latin] negare, [Latin] reprobare: to deny, to disown, to claim no knowledge; Mt.16:24, Mt.26:34-35, Mt.26:75, Mk.8:34, Mk.14:30-31, Mk.14:72, Lk.12:9, Lk.22:34,61   The Bidenadministration denies that there is an illegal immigration problem along the southern border.…

[Greek] ἀπάντησις (apantēsis), [Latin] obvius, [Latin] ocurrere:  meeting, encounter, encountering; Mt.25:1,6, Acts 28:15, 1Thess.4:17 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to make reference to, escort, meeting in argument, and steadfastness. This is a technical term for an ancient custom…

[Greek] τιμάω (timaō), [Latin] honorare, [Latin] adpretiare, [French] mythifier: to honor, to price, to fix the value, to show respect; Mt.15:4,6,9, Mt.19:19, Mt.27:9, Mk7:6,10, Mk.10:19, Lk.18:20, Jn.5:23, Jn.8:49, Jn.12:26, Acts 28:10, Eph.6:2, 1Tim.5:3, 1Pet.2:17 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term…

[Greek] αἰσχύνη (aischynē), [Latin] rubor, [Latin] confusio: shamefulness, what causes shame, disgrace, dishonesty; Lk.14:9, 2Cor.4:2, Php.3:19, Heb.12:2, Jud. 1:13, Rev.3:18 Scriptural passages are frequently highlighted in red as rubric Background information: Rubric: A rubric is a word or section of…

[Greek] ἐκλείπω (ekleipō), [Latin] deficere, [French] se detacher, [French] abandonner, [German] abfallen: to eclipse, to fail, to leave out, to cease, to die, to omit, to end; Lk.16:9, Lk.22:32, Lk.23:45, Heb.1:12 St. Augustine was speaking against scientists who lapse into pride without…

[Greek] τυφλόω (typhloō), [Latin] excaecare, [French] obscurer, [German] blind macken: to blind, to obscure, to dull (the intellect), to make not to understand; 2Cor.4:4, Jn. 12:40, 1Jn. 2:11 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to blind, to render ineffectual…

[Greek] στενοχωρέω (stenochōreō), [Latin] patere, [Latin] angustiare, [French] souffrir, [French] endurer: to make narrow, to compress, to restrain, to restrict, to distress; 2Cor.4:8, 2Cor.6:12 More and more govt. localities, businesses, and entertainment venues are now requiring proof of vaccinations. This…

‎‎[Greek] τρέχω (trechō), [Latin] currere: to run, to run a track race, to spread rapidly, to rush, to walk hastily, to rush into, to run well, having free run; Lk.15:20, Heb.12:1, Rev.9:9, Mt.28:9, Act.19:28, Rom.9:16, Gal.5:7, 2Thess.3:1 Runners’ sandals (trachodia)…

[Greek] ἀπιστέω (apisteō), [Latin] credere, [French] non confier: to disbelieve, to be faithless, to be an unbeliever, to not to rely on; Mk.16:11,16, Lk.24:11,41, Acts 28:24, Rom.3:3, 2Tim.2:1, 1Pet.2:7 Christ’s appearance to Mary Magdalene after the Resurrection:(painting by Alexander Andreyevich…

[Greek] ἀπειλή (apeilē), [Latin] loquere, [Latin] minare, [French] parler, [French] chasser: threat, threatening, harm to others; Acts 4:17,29, Acts 9:1, Eph.6:9 Jesus’ encounter with Saul on the road to Damascus (painting by Bartolome Esteban Murillo in 1601). Jesus asks Saul…

[Greek] ὑπερβαίνω (hyperbainō), [Latin] supergrediere: to sin against, to transgress, to wrong, to overstep; 1Thess.4:6 Threshold of Paradise: painting by Victor Vasnetsov (1885).  Many entering into the threshold of heaven. Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to step over,…

[Greek] δειλιάω (deiliaō), [Latin] formidare, [French] redouter: to be cowardly, to be fearful, to be timid; Jn.14:27 The blind Oedipus commending his children to the gods: painting by Beningne Gagneraux (1784). Oedipus willingly blinds himself to prevent himself from seeing…

[Greek] θαρσέω (tharseō), [Latin] confidere, [Latin] habere fiduciam, [Latin] constans esto: to take courage, to be of good courage, to cheer up, to take heart; Mt. 9:2,22, Mt.14:27, Mk.6:50, Mk.10:49, Lk.8:48, Jn.16:33, Acts 23:11 Jesus Walks on Water: painting by…

[Greek] ἀπαλλοτριόω (apallotrioō), [Latin] alienare: to alienate, to estrange, to exclude, to be a foreigner; Eph.2:12, Eph.4:18, Col.1:21 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to estrange, to alienate, to separate, to alter, and to remove. Polybius’ Histories 1.79.6 states…

[Greek] ἀπαλγέω (apalgeō), [Latin] desperare: to cease to feel pain, to be callous, to become apathetic, to lose feeling of shame, to be past feeling; Eph.4:19 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to put away sorrow for and to…

[Greek] λοιδορέω (loidoreō), [Latin] maledicere: to abuse, to revile, to vilify, to slander, to insult; Jn.9:28, Acts 23:4, 1Cor.4:12,1Pet.2:23 Christ Healing the Blind Man: painting by Nicolas Colombel (1682) Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to speak disparingly, to…

[Greek] πίπτω (piptō), [Latin] cadere, [Latin] elidere, [Latin] concidere, [Latin] decider, [Latin] perire, [Latin] prostrare, [German] fallen, [French] ruiner: to fall, to fall prostrate, to kneel, to fall down; 92 scriptural references St. Matthias: painting by Peter Paul Reubens (1611)…

[Greek] ἀντιβάλλω (antiballō), [Latin] conferere: to discuss, to throw back and forth, to argue about, to exchange (words), to debate; Lk.24:17 Supper at Emmaus: painting by Caravaggio (1602) Background information: Supper at Emmaus: The two disciples, walking with Jesus, failed…

[Greek] παροξύνω (paroxynō), [Latin] incitare, [Latin] irritare: to upset, to anger, to irritate, to distress; Acts 17:16, 1Cor.13:5 The Aeropagus is a prominent rock outcropping as seen from the Acropolis in Athens Background information: Aeropagus: This rocky outcrop, just northwest…

Greek] ἐλεέω (eleeō), [Latin] miserere, [Latin] misericordia: to have compassion (pity), to show mercy, to feel sympathy for; 33 scriptural references The Transfiguration: painting by Raphael (1520) Background information: The Transfiguration: This picture is divided into two parts: the upper…

[Greek] ἀποβάλλω (apoballō), [Latin] proiectare, [Latin] (amittere), [Latin] abicere, [French] lasser partir: to throw off, to throw away, to let go, to cast off, to throw aside; Mk.10:50, Heb.10:35 St. Augustine also reminds us not to throw away our confidence…

[Greek] ἐκλείπω (ekleipō), [Latin] deficere: to eclipse, to fail, to leave out, to cease, to die, to omit, to end; Lk.16:9, Lk.22:32, Lk.23:45, Heb.1:12 Parable of the Unjust Steward: painting by Marinus van Reymerswaele (1540). This parable challenges one to…

[Greek] διασκορπίζω (diaskorpizō), [Latin] spargere, [French] disperser, [German] spritzen: to squander, to separate, to winnow, to scatter, to dissipate; Mt.25:24,26, Mt.26:31, Mk.14:27, Lk.1:51, Lk.15:13, Lk.16:1, Jn.11:52, Acts 5:37 The scorpion has become that iconic arachnid that scurries and scatters across…

[Greek] ἐγκαταλείπω (egkataleipō), [Latin] derelinquere, [Latin] deserere, [French] abandonner, [French] separer, [Old English] forsacan: to leave behind, to desert, to let remain, to abandon, to forsake, to leave in the lurch; Mt.27:46, Mk.15:34, Rom.9:29, 2Cor.4:9, 2Tim.4:10,16, Heb.10:25, Heb.13:5 Christian Martyrs…

[Greek] βαπτίζω (baptizō), [Latin] baptizare, [Latin] bibere calicem: to baptize, to wash, to dip, to purify, to cleanse; 86 scriptural references The Baptism of Christ: painting by Joachim Patinir (1510). After some reluctance, John baptizes Christ. Christ’ relation with the…

[Greek] ἐπιλανθάνομαι (epilanthanomai), [Latin] obliviscere: to forget, to neglect, to overlook; Mt.16:5, Mk.8:14, Lk.12:6, Php.3:13, Heb.6:10, Heb.13:2, Heb.13:16, Jas.1:24 Jacob Blessing Ephraim and Manasseh: painting by Antonio Maria Esquivel (1832). Manasseh means “God has made me forget entirely my troubles…

[Greek] ἀγνοέω (agnoeō), [Latin] ignorare, [Latin] ignorantes, [Latin] ignoramus, [Latin] ignotus: to not know, to ignore, to be ignorant, to pay no attention to, to be unaware, unknown; Mk.9:32, Lk.9:45, Acts 13:27, Rom.1:13, Rom.2:4, Rom.6:3, Rom.7:1, Rom.10:3, Rom.11:25, 1Cor.10:1, 1Cor.12;1,…

[Greek] χαρά (chara), [Latin] gaudium, [Latin] laetitia: joy, rejoicing, happiness, gladness; 59 scriptural references Joy can still be found as we move forward in our struggles and uncertainty. Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means joy, rejoicing, pleasure, delight, and…

[Greek] δόσις (dosis), [Latin] datum, [Latin] donum, [Old Norse] gift: gift, act of giving, thing given; Php.4:15, Jas.1:17 Did you bring your gift to Him? It’s His birthday after all! Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means gift, contribution, permission,…

[Greek] ποιμήν (poimēn), [Latin] pastor: shepherd, pastor, one who tends a flock, herdsman, shepherder; Mt. 9:36, Mt. 25:32, Mt.26:31, Mk.6:34, Mk.14:27, Lk.2:8,15,18,20, Jn.10:2,11-12,14,16, Eph.4:11, Heb.13:20, 1Pet.2:25 Adoration of the Shepherds: painting by Gerard van Honthorst (1622) Background Information: Ancient Orient/Greek…

[Greek] προσκυνέω (proskyneō), [Latin] adorare, [Latin] procidere: to worship, to prostrate oneself, to bow as an act of regard or allegiance; 65 scriptural references Adoration of the Child: painting by Gerard van Honthorst (1620). The infant is so adorable! ☺…

[Greek] ἄμωμος (amōmos), [Latin] inmaculati, [Latin] non habentam maculam: without blemish, unblemished, without blame, spotless, faultless, without fault; Eph.1:4, Eph.5:27, Col.1:22, Heb.9:14, 1Pet.1:19, Jud. 1:24, Rev.14:5 Adoration of the Mystic Lamb: painting by Hubert and Jan van Eyck (1430). This…

[Greek] ἀφυστερέω (aphustereo), [Latin] facere fraudem, [Latin] privare fraudem, [Latin] patere fraudem: to rob, to defraud, to deprive of, to despoil, to keep back by fraud, to be late, to be lacking, to become destitute; Mk.10:19, 1Cor.6:7-8, 1Cor.7:5, 1Tim.6:5, Jas.5:4…

[Greek] ἀποκαλύπτω (apokalyptō), [Latin] revelare: to reveal, to disclose, to manifest, to make fully known; 32 scriptural references Fresco of the Seven Sorrows of Mary at Santa Stefano Rotondo in Rome. The thoughts of many hearts will be revealed, resulting…

[Greek] συνέρχομαι (synerchomai), [Latin] convenire, [Latin] pravenire, [Latin] venerare, [Latin] exire, [Latin] concurre, [Latin] venire, [Latin] comitare, [Latin] discedere, [Latin] revertere: to come together, to go with, to have sexual intercourse, to cohabit, and to associate with; 30 scriptural The…

[Greek] ἀνθίστημι (anthistēmi), [Latin] contendere, [Latin] resistere: to cause to stand, to stand against, to oppose, to withstand, to set one’s self against, to hinder; Mt.5:39, Lk.21:15, Acts 6:10, Acts 13:8, Rom.9:19, Rom.13:2, Gal.2:11, Eph.6:13, 2Tim.3:8, 2Tim.4:15, Jas.4:7, 1Pet.5:9 Background…

[Greek] ἀνέχομαι (anechomai), [Latin] adferre, [Latin] sustinere, [Latin] subportare, [Latin] patere, [Latin] sufferere: to be patient with, to put up with (forbear), to bear, to endure, to persevere to tolerate; Mt.17:17, Mk.9:19, Lk.9:41, Acts 18:14, 1Cor.4:12, 2Cor.11:1,4,19-20, Eph.4:2, Col.3:13, 2Thess.1:4,…

[Greek] ἀναστρέφω (anastrephō), [Latin] revertere, [Latin] conversare, [Latin] tradere, [Latin] subvertere: to turn back, to overturn, to conduct one’s self, to abide, and to return; Mt.17:22, Jn.2:15, Acts 5:22, Acts 15:16, 2Cor.1:12, Eph.2:3, 1Tim.3:15, Heb.10:33, 1Pet.1:17, 2Pet.2:18 We all must…

[Greek] ἀγωνίζομαι (agōnizomai), [Latin] contendere, [Latin] certere, [Latin] decertere, [Latin] sollicitus: to contend for a prize, to compete, to strive, to endeavor to accomplish something; Lk.13:24, Jn.18:36, 1Cor.9:25, Col.1:29, Col.4:12, 1Tim.6:12, 2Tim.4:7 Carlos Acutis’ tomb is opened for public veneration…

[Greek] ἐκπλήσσω (ekplēssō), [Latin] admirare, [Latin] mirare, [Latin] stupere: to amaze, to astonish, to astound, to strike with panic, to frighten, to surprise; Mt.7:28, Mt.13:54, Mt.19:25, Mk.1:22, Mk.6:2, Mk.7:37, Mk.10:26, Mk.11:18, Lk.2:48, Lk.4:32, Lk.9:43, Acts 13:12 The Boy Jesus in…

[Greek] ὑπερβάλλω (hyperballō), [Latin] superare, [Latin] excellens, [Latin] eminens, [Latin] supereminens: to “throw beyond, to go too far, to surpass, to go beyond, to exceed, to overshoot; 2Cor.3:10, 2Cor.9:14. Eph.1:19, Eph.2:7, Eph.3:19 “Jumping the Shark”: When you know when you…

[Greek] ὑποβάλλω (hypoballō), [Latin] submittere: to “throw under”, to instigate, to bribe, to throw under (the bus), to be submitted to something, to introduce by collusion, to suborn, to put under, to hire for a dishonest purpose; Acts 6:11 Deceiving,…

[Greek] ἀναπληρόω (anaplēroō), [Latin] supplere, [Latin] implere: to fill up, to complete, to fulfill, to make complete, to provide, to occupy; Mt.13:14, 1Cor.14:16, 1Cor.16:17, Gal.6:2, Php.2:30, 1Thess.2:16 This cup is filled by following the law of Christ in loving and…

[Greek] ἀναπείθω (anapeithō), [Latin] persuadere: to persuade, to incite, to stir up, to induce; Acts 18:13 The Apostle Paul: painting by Rembrandt (1657). The Jews are incited by Paul’s teaching that Jesus is the Messiah in the synagogue. Background information:…

[Greek] ἀνακρίνω (anakrinō), [Latin] interrogare, [Latin] requirere, [Latin] scrutare, [Latin] cognoscere, [Latin] examinare, [Latin] iudicare: to examine, to investigate, to scrutinize, to ask, to study; Lk.23:14, Acts 4:9, Acts 12:19, Acts 17:11, Acts 24:8, 1Cor.2:14-15, 1Cor.4:3-4, 1Cor.9:3, 1Cor.10:25,27, 1Cor.14:24 Model…

[Greek] ἀνακαλύπτω (anakalyptō), [Latin] revelare: to reveal, to unveil, to uncover; 2Cor.3:14,18 Moses Receives the Tablets of the Law: painting by Joao Zeferino da Costa (1868). Upon his return from Mt. Sinai, Moses later wears a veil to protect the…

[Greek] ἀναδίδωμι (anadidōmi), [Latin] tradere: to hand over, to give up, to yield, to deliver; Acts 23:33 This image can represent both oral tradition (handing over the faith to others) or Christians being forced to give up their faith (bibles).…

[Greek] παραλογίζομαι (paralogizomai), [Latin] decipere, [Latin] fallere: to miscalculate, to delude, to deceive, to reason falsely, to lead astray, to reckon wrong; Col.2:4, Jas.1:22 Another “mostly peaceful protest” in Kenosha, Wisconsin Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to defraud,…

[Greek] κοπιάω (kopiaō), [Latin] laborare, [Latin] fatigare, [German] anstrengen, [French] travailler: to work hard, to be weary, to toil, to tire, to be tired, to weary; 25 scriptures Carrying a burden can also be likened to carrying a cross. Circumstances…

[Greek] λογίζομαι (logizomai), [Latin] cogitare, [Latin] reputare, [Latin] deputare, [Latin] existimare, [Latin] arbitrare, [Latin] acceptare: to reckon, to take into account, to regard, to suppose, to count, to have books balanced, to reason, to conclude, to calculate, to compute, to set one’s…

[Greek] ἀνάγνωσις (anagnōsis), [Latin] lectionem, [French] lecture: recognition, reading, knowing again, public reading; Acts 13:15, 2Cor.13:15, 1Tim.4:13 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means recognition, reading, and persuasion. Herodotus’ The Histories 1.116 states “While the boy spoke, it seemed to…

[Greek] ἀναβλέπω (anablepō), [Latin] videre, [Latin] intinuere, [Latin] ascpicere, [Latin] respicere, [Latin] venire, [Latin] recipere, [Latin] suspicere: to look up, to recover sight, to gain sight; 26 scriptural references  Anablepus (“seeing again/more”): a large fish, having clearer vision, can see…

[Greek] ἀμφιάζω (amphiazō), [Latin] vestire, [French] areer: to clothe, to adorn; Mt.6:30, Mt.11:8, Lk.7:25, Lk.12:28 John the Baptist wears the simple garments (animal skins) of a prophet. Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term, meaning to clothe, can be used literally…

[Greek] παύω (pauō), [Latin] cessare, [Latin] desinere, [Latin] coercere: to stop, to pause, to cease, to quit, to come to an end, to end; Lk.5:4, Lk.8:24, Lk.11:1, Acts 5:42, Acts 6:13, Acts 20:1,31, Acts 21:32, 1Cor.13:8, Eph.1:16, Col.1:9, Heb.10:2, 1Pet.3:10,…

[Greek] προσδοκάω (prosdokaō), [Latin] expectare, [Latin] sperare, [Latin] existimare: to expect, to watch for, to think ahead, to await, to anticipate, to look forward to; Mt.11:3, Mt.24:50, Lk.1:21, Lk.3:15, Lk.7:19-20, Lk.8:40, Lk.12:46, Acts 3:5, Acts 10:24, Acts 27:33, Acts 28:6,…

[Greek] προπετής (propetēs), [Latin] temere agere, [Latin] proterere: acting fearful, falling forward, headstrong, rash, reckless, thoughtless; Acts 19:36, 2Tim.3:4 The angry mob with pitchforks and torches going after Frankenstein. This becomes a precursor to the modern day cancel culture mob. Background…