[Greek] ἀνακρίνω (anakrinō), [Latin] interrogare, [Latin] requirere, [Latin] scrutare, [Latin] cognoscere, [Latin] examinare, [Latin] iudicare: to examine, to investigate, to scrutinize, to ask, to study; Lk.23:14, Acts 4:9, Acts 12:19, Acts 17:11, Acts 24:8, 1Cor.2:14-15, 1Cor.4:3-4, 1Cor.9:3, 1Cor.10:25,27, 1Cor.14:24
Model of the Second Temple: Inscriptions (on the balistrude) warned the Greeks about entering the Temple. In their investigation of Paul, the Jews also accused Paul of desecrating the Temple (bringing Greeks in the Temple).
Background information:
Temple Balistrude Inscription: This is an inscription that hung along along the balistrude outside the Sanctuary of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. This inscription was a warning to pagan visitors (Gentiles and Greeks) not to proceed further under penalty of death. The Greek translation states “No stranger is to enter the balustrade round the temple and enclosure. Whoever is caught will be himself responsible for his ensuing death.”
Greek Hellenism: This term means to investigate, to interrogate, to inquire, to examine, to find a remedy, and to prove qualifications. Thucydides’ the Peloponnesian War 1.95 states “In the meantime the Lacedaemonians recalled Pausanias for an investigation of the reports which had reached them.” Antiphon’s First Tetralogy 2.19 states “And in reply to our questions stated that the only assailant whom he had recognized was the defendant.” Demosthenes’ Against Olympiodorus 48.31 states “The archon conducted the preliminary examination for all claimants, and when he concluded this he brought to case into court.”
Old Testament: This term means to search for and to investigate. Then you shall investigate and search out and inquire thoroughly (Deu.13:14). The weight of the bronze could not be ascertained (1Kgs.7:47). Behold this; we have investigated it, and so it is (Job 5:27). I listened to your reasonings, while you pondered what to say (Job 32:11). Would not God find this out? (Psa.44:21). Let us examine and probe our ways (Lam.3:40). I , the Lord search the heart (Jer.17:10).
New Testament: This term means to investigate, to examine, to search, to study, and to judge. Pilate examines the Jews’ accusations against Jesus and concluded that He was not guilty. The Sanhedrin examined Peter’s and John’s deeds (healing a cripple). Herod unsuccessfully carried a search to find the infant Jesus. The Jews in Beroea were open-minded in examining the scriptures. The Roman authorities examined the Jews’ accusations against Paul. Paul states that only the Lord can judge him. Spiritual persons, given knowledge of what pertains to God, are not subject to judgment. One will be appropriately judged if one willing eats meats sacrificed to idols.
Scripture:
“Pilate said to them, ‘You brought this man to me and accused Him of inciting the people to revolt. I have conducted my investigation in your presence and have not found this man guilty of the charges you have brought against Him.” Lk.23:14
The Jews claim that Jesus is inciting the people with His teachings. The Jews use this rationale (reason) to accuse Jesus of blasphemy. However, Pilate finds Jesus not guilty of these accusations.
“If you examine him you will be able to learn from him for yourself everything of which we are accusing him.” Acts 24:8
The Jews bring formal charges against Paul to the Roman governor. Paul is also being accused of creating dissension among the Jews, being a Nazorean ringleaders, and desecrating the temple.
“I am not conscious of anything against me, but I do not thereby stand acquitted; the one who judges me is the Lord.” 1Cor.4:4
Paul claims that only God can pass judgment on him. Ultimately, each of us will be ultimately judged by God.
Cognizance: A mark or measure by which something or someone is known by. Own Recognizance Release: A criminal suspect is granted release (no bail money is paid) and promises to later appear in court.
Conclusion:
Interrogate, interrogation, recognizance, cognizance, require, requirement, scrutiny, scrutinize, examination, judication, judge, exam
In Greek Hellenism, this term essentially pertains to examining, investigating, and inquiring. In these efforts, one’s qualification or character is often revealed.
Current events: Fr. James Altman, gave a brave and passionate sermon (Youtube) about the sanctity of life. Fr. Altman calls each of us to examine our fundamental beliefs in how we vote as faithful Catholics (and Christians). As a result, he is getting criticism from his superiors. Yet, he is getting support from many others.
The NFL needs to examine their values and principles in lining with BLM, who who actively engaging in mayhem (violence and looting) in various cities.
The President has been quite often accused of “inciting” violence in our nation (and cities). These critics seemed to have thrown out the notion of personal responsibility of those rioters and looters. Yes, the President may criticize others. But this does not give these opponents license to commit acts of violence. These local mayors need to examine their priorities in safeguarding the interests of local citizens and local businesses rather than blaming the President.
Mayors and other city leaders really need to examine the funding of the easy release (bail) for criminals out of jail. Prosecutors really need to examine their policies of not prosecuting or releasing criminals from jail.
Upon further examination, this term has taken on more relevance in recent times.