Exegesis

[Greek] λογίζομαι (logizomai), [Latin] cogitare, [Latin] reputare, [Latin] deputare, [Latin] existimare, [Latin] arbitrare, [Latin] acceptare: to reckon, to take into account, to regard, to suppose, to count, to have books balanced, to reason, to conclude, to calculate, to compute, to set one’s…

[Greek] ἀνάγνωσις (anagnōsis), [Latin] lectionem, [French] lecture: recognition, reading, knowing again, public reading; Acts 13:15, 2Cor.13:15, 1Tim.4:13 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means recognition, reading, and persuasion. Herodotus’ The Histories 1.116 states “While the boy spoke, it seemed to…

[Greek] ἀναβλέπω (anablepō), [Latin] videre, [Latin] intinuere, [Latin] ascpicere, [Latin] respicere, [Latin] venire, [Latin] recipere, [Latin] suspicere: to look up, to recover sight, to gain sight; 26 scriptural references No–you are not seeing double! Anablepus (“Four eyed fish”): a large…

[Greek] ἀμφιάζω (amphiazō), [Latin] vestire, [French] areer: to clothe, to adorn; Mt.6:30, Mt.11:8, Lk.7:25, Lk.12:28 John the Baptist wears the simple garments (animal skins) of a prophet. Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term, meaning to clothe, can be used literally…

[Greek] παύω (pauō), [Latin] cessare, [Latin] desinere, [Latin] coercere: to stop, to pause, to cease, to quit, to come to an end, to end; Lk.5:4, Lk.8:24, Lk.11:1, Acts 5:42, Acts 6:13, Acts 20:1,31, Acts 21:32, 1Cor.13:8, Eph.1:16, Col.1:9, Heb.10:2, 1Pet.3:10,…

[Greek] προσδοκάω (prosdokaō), [Latin] expectare, [Latin] sperare, [Latin] existimare: to expect, to watch for, to think ahead, to await, to anticipate, to look forward to; Mt.11:3, Mt.24:50, Lk.1:21, Lk.3:15, Lk.7:19-20, Lk.8:40, Lk.12:46, Acts 3:5, Acts 10:24, Acts 27:33, Acts 28:6,…

[Greek] προπετής (propetēs), [Latin] temere agere, [Latin] proterere: acting fearful, falling forward, headstrong, rash, reckless, thoughtless; Acts 19:36, 2Tim.3:4 The angry mob with pitchforks and torches going after Frankenstein. This becomes a precursor to the modern day cancel culture mob. Background…

[Greek] ἑδραῖος (hedraios), [Latin] statuere, [Latin] firmus, [Latin] inmobiles: steadfast, firm, settled, sitting, support, moral fixidity, set in place; 1Cor.7:37, 1Cor.15:58, Col.1:23 Be firm and steadfast fully devoted to the Lord, knowing that in the Lord your labor is not…

[Greek] ἀμελέω (ameleō), [Latin] neglegere: to neglect, to be negligent, to be neglectful, to be careless, to pay no attention, to have no regard, to disregard, to not care; Mt.22:5, 1Tim.4:14, Heb.2:3, Heb.8:9, 2Pet. 1:12 Parable of the Royal Wedding…

[Greek] ἀντιλαμβάνω (antilambanō), [Latin] suscipere, [Latin] participare, [French] adopter: to help, to take in, to support, to take hold of in turn, to participate, to take upon oneself to, to partake, to come to the aid of, to take under…

[Greek] ἄμαχος (amachos), [Latin] non litigiosos, [Latin] percussio: peaceable, abstaining from fighting, not contentious, not a brawler, non-combatant; 1Tim.3:3, Tit.3:2 Remains of St. Titus Church in Gortys (municipality of Crete) Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means with whom no…

[Greek] ἅλυσις (halusis), [Old French] chaine, [Latin] catena, [Latin] quisquam poterat eum ligare,  [Latin] vinculum: chains, bonds, manacle, imprisonment, binding; Mk.5:3-4, Lk.8:29, Acts 12:6-7, Acts 21:33, Acts 28:20. Eph.6:20, 2Tim.1:16. Rev.20:1 The Release of St. Peter: painting by Bernardo Strozzi…

[Greek] τυφλός (typhlos), [Latin] caecus, [German] blind: blind, not able to understand, short-sighted, opaque; 53 scriptural references The Blind Leading the Blind: painting by Danish Renaissance painter Peter Bruegel (1568). Background information: The blind leading the blind: This painting reflects…

[Greek] καταφρονέω (kataphroneō), [Latin] contemnere: to show contempt for, to think little of, to despise, to look down upon; Mt.6:24, Mt.18:10, Lk.16:13, Rom.2:4, 1Cor.11:22, 1Tim.4:12, 1Tim.6:2, Heb.12:2, 2Pet.2:10 Mammon: painting by George Frederic Watts (1885) Bowing down and serving at…

[Greek] στάσις (stasis), [Latin] seditio, [Latin] dissensio, [Latin] status: standing up, strife, political unrest, riot, civil war, sedition, revolt, Mk.15:7, Lk.23:19,25, Acts 15:2, Acts 19:40, Acts 23:7, Acts 24:5, Heb.9:8 CHAZ (Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone) becomes a disaster (and failure)…

[Greek] ἐλευθερία (eleutheria), [Latin] libertas, [Latin] nolite iugare, [French] ne joindre: liberty, freedom, freedom from bondage, independence, absence of external restraint; Rom.8:21, 1Cor.10:29, 2Cor.3:17, Gal.2:4, Gal.5:1,13, Jas.1:25, Jas.2:12, 1Pet.2:16, 2Pet.2:19 The Declaration of Independence: painting by John Trumball (1819) Background…

[Greek] σιγάω (sigaō), [Latin] tacere, [French] etre silencieux: to keep silent, to be silent, to silence, to hold, to keep secret, to keep quiet, to hold peace: Lk.9:36, Lk.18:39, Lk.20:26, Acts 12:17, Acts 15:12-13, 1Cor.14:28,30,34 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This…

[Greek] ἀλλοτριεπίσκοπος (allotriepiskopos), [Latin] alienus appetitor: one who meddles into other things (others’ affairs), meddler, one who oversees other’s affairs, busybody, one who infringes on others, one who strives or longs for something; 1Pet.4:15 Background information: A public “Lion’s Mouth” postbox…

[Greek] σκοτίζομαι (skotizomai), [Latin] obscuere: to darken, to cover with darkness, to be deprived of light, to be unable to understand (a mind that is darkened); Mt.24:29, Mk.13:24, Lk.23:45, Rom.1:21, Rom.11:10, Eph.4:18 Thomas Jefferson talks about the evil institution of…

[Greek] ἀνόητος (anoētos), [Latin] insipiente, Latin] stultus, [Latin] insensate: without understanding, insensitive, foolish, unwise, senseless; Lk.24:25, Rom.1:14, Gal.3:1,3, 1Tim.6:9, Tit.3:3 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means unintelligible, irrational, intellectually and ethically lacking in understanding, and having no judgment. Sophocles’…

[Greek] ἅλας (halas), [Latin] sal: salt, prudence, usefulness; Mt.5:13, Mk.9:50, Lk.14:34, Col.4:6 Background information: Greek influences: This term means salt, briny, and sea. The Greek used salt as an important trading commodity throughout the Mediterrnean region. Salt’s importance is indicated…

[Greek] ἀλαζονεία (alazoneia), [Latin] superbia: boastfulness, arrogance, self-confidence, braggadocio, boasting about one’s possessions; Jas.4:16, 1Jn.2:16 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means false pretension, imposture, boastfulness, and punishable by the gods. Theophrastus’ Characters 23.2 states “The boastful man is one…

[Greek] ἀκυρόω (akyroō), [Latin] irritare, [Latin] rescindere: to cancel, to revoke, to ‘irritate’ the laws (regulations), to invalidate, to disannul, to make void, to deprive of authority; Mt.15:6, Mk.7:13, Gal.3:17 Abraham and the Three Angels: painting by Gerbrand van den…

[Greek] ἀκροατής (akroatēs), [Latin] auditor: a passive hearer, a passive listener; Rom.2:13, Jas.1:22,23,25 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means hearer, jury, persons who come to hear a public speaker, disciple, pupil, and reader. Thucydides’ The Peloponnesian War 3.38 states…

[Greek] πειράω (peiraō), [Latin] temptare: to rob, to attempt, to make an attempt, to try, to test (someone or something), to put to the test, to strive, to make an effort; Acts 9:26, Acts 26:21, Heb.4:15 The Trial of the…

[Greek] διαμάχομαι (diamachomai), [Latin] pugnare: to protest strongly, to struggle against, to argue heatedly, to strive, to fight fiercely, to contend sharply; Acts 23:9 Joshua’s Battle: painting by J.H. Schonfeld (1635) This term occurs 9 times in Joshua 10 Background…

[Greek] ἄκακος (akakos), [Latin] innocens: guileless, innocent, unsuspecting, simple, without fault, blameless, naïve; Rom.16:18, Heb.7:26 Christ Before the High Priest: painting by Gerard van Honthurst (1557) Background information: Christ Before the High Priest: This painting depicts the moment when Christ…

[Greek] αἰσχρός (aischros), [Latin] turpis, [Latin] defames: shameful, improper, filthy, base, disgraceful, sordid; 1Cor.11:6, 1Cor.14:35, Eph.5:12, Tit.1:11 The women in Corinth expressed their reverence, respect, and humility by wearing their headdresses at liturgical assemblies. Now recently more and more women…

[Greek] πρόσωπον (prosōpon), [Latin] facies, [Latin] persona, [Latin] apparere: mask, person, persona, face, aspect, appearance, countenance, presence, front; 78 scriptural references Copper engraving of Doctor Schnabel (aka Dr. Beak), a plague doctor (with a beak-like mask) in the seventeenth century…

[Greek] ἀνάμνησις (anamnēsis), [Latin] commemorationem, [Latin] recordare, [Latin] reminiscere, [French] memoire, [French] souvenir: re-presentation, memorial, remembrance, reminiscence, recollection, a recalling, reminder; Lk.22:19, 1Cor.11:24-25, Heb.10:3 Memorial Day: On this day we remember, honor and mourn those fallen military heroes. Background information:…

[Greek] ἀνοικοδομέω (anoikodomeō), [Latin] aedificare, [Latin] reaedificare: to build again, to rebuild, to restore; Acts 15:16 Galen (130-210 AD) was a physician, surgeon, and philosopher during the time of the Roman Empire. Here is one of his ‘prescriptions’ for human…

[Greek] ἀναγκαῖος (anagkaios), [Latin] necessarior, [Latin] essentialis, [Latin] oportere: essential, necessary, close relatives, needful, indispensable; Acts 10:24, Acts 13:46, 1Cor.12:22, 2Cor.9:5, Php.2:25, Tit.3:14, Heb.8:3 The Doctor: painting by Sir Luke Fildes (1887). The doctor was essential in saving the child’s…

[Greek] ἀτενίζω (atenizō), [Latin] intendere, [Latin] attendere, [Latin] intueor: to look intently, to fix one’s eyes to, to fasten one’s eyes, to look steadfastly, to focus (stretch) one’s attention to, to stare at, to gaze intently, to focus one’s intent…

[Greek] χωρίζω (chōrizō), [Latin] separare, [Latin] segregare, [Latin], exitus, [French] partir: to separate, to divide, to asunder, to place room between, to isolate from one to another; Mt.19:6, Mk.10:9, Acts 1:4, Acts 18:1-2, Rom.8:35,39, 1Cor.7:10-11,15, Phil. 1:15, Heb.7:26 A page…

[Greek] θύρα (thyra), [Latin] foris, [Old English] dor: door, entrance, gate portal; Mt.6:6, Mt. 24:33, Mt.25:10, Mt.27:60, Mt. 28:2, Mk.1:33, Mk.2:2, Mk.11:4, Mk.13:29, Mk.15:46, Mk.16:3, Lk.11:7, Lk.13:25, Jn.10:1,2,7,9, Jn.18:16, Jn.20:19:26, Act: 3:2, Act:5:19,23, Act 12:6,13, Act 14:27, Act 16:26,27, Act…

[Greek] ἀνοίγω (anoigō), [Latin] apertare, [Latin] dilatare: to open; 77 scripture references [Greek] διανοίγω (dianoigō), [Latin] apertare, [Latin] cognoscere, [Latin] adapeire, [French] decouvrir: to make open (uncover), to explain; 7 scripture references The aperture is the hole or opening (in…

[Greek] αἰσθάνομαι (aisthanomai), [Latin] ignorare: to perceive, to be able to understand, to mentally grasp, to notice; Lk.9:45 Alcibiades Being Taught by Socrates: painting by Francois-Andre Vincent (1776) Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to have a sensual perception,…

[Greek] βραδύνω (bradynō), [Latin] tardare: to be slow, to be tardy, to delay, to hesitate, to be slack, to tarry, to retard; 1Tim.3:15, 2Pet.3:9 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to make slow, to delay, to loiter, and to…

[Greek] αἰδώς (aidōs), [Latin] verecundia, [modestia], [Latin] pudentia: sense of shame, modesty, shamefacedness, bashfulness, reverence, decency; Heb.12:28, 1Tim.2:9 Fresco of a high-society Pompein woman, richly dressed with gold-threaded hair and gold earrings. She holds a wax stylus. (55-79 AD) Background…

[Greek] ἐπιστρέφω (epistrephō), [Latin] revertere, [Latin] convertere: to revert, to turn, to turn around, to return, to convert, to turn about; 44 scriptural references Le Toit paternal (Fatherly Roof): painting by Louis Janmot (1854) The weather had turned worse with…

[Greek] ἀετός (aetos), [Latin] aquila, [Latin] voltur: eagle, vulture; Rev.4:7, Rev.8:13, Rev.12:14, Mt.24:28, Lk.17:37 The eagle (aquila) was the standard of the Roman legion. The standard bearer (aquilifer) carries this standard. Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means eagle, bird…

[Greek] ἀδυνατέω (adynateō), [Latin] impossibilis: it is impossible; Mt.17:20, Lk.1:37 Annunciation: painting by  Fabrizio Boschi Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to lack strength, to be unable to do, to be impossible (things), and not to be able. Plato’s…

[Greek] ἐπιδημέω (epidēmeō), [Latin] advena, [Latin] hospites: to be at home, to be a visitor, to make oneself at home, to reside in a foreign country, to be a stranger, to live as a foreigner, to sojourn; Acts 2:10, Acts 17:21…

[Greek] ἀδάπανος (adapanos), [Latin] sin sumptus, [Latin] sin expensa: without expense, without charge, costing nothing, free, without payment; 1Cor.9:18 In Corinth Paul preached the gospel free of charge. He, along with Prisca and Aquila, provided for themselves as tent-makers in…

[Greek] ἀγρυπνέω (agrypneō), [Latin] evigilare, [Latin] vigilare, [Latin] vigilante, [German] wachen, [French] veiller: to be alert, to keep awake, to be on guard, to keep watch; Lk.21:36, Mk.13:33, Eph.6:18, Heb.13:17 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to lie awake,…

[Greek] ἀγράμματος (agrammatos), [Latin] inlitteratus, [Latin] ignorantia: without learning, uneducated, unlearned, illiterate; Acts 4:13 St. Peter Cures the Lame Beggar: painting by Bernardo Strozzi (1581-1644) Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means illiterate, unable to read or write, unable to…

[Greek] ἀγοραῖος (agoraios), [Latin] cessator, [Latin] agitator: pertaining to the marketplace, agitator, loafer, idler, rabble-rouser, mob, men of the marketplace; Acts 17:5, Acts 19:38 The Preaching of St. Paul in Ephesus: painting by Eustache Le Sueur (1649). The silversmiths rioted…

[Greek] ἀγανακτέω (aganakteō), [Latin] indignari, [Latin] intolerandus: to grieve much, to be indignant, to be greatly afflicted, to have indignation, to be displeased; Mt.20.24, Mt.21:15, Mt. 26:8, Mk.10:14,41, Mk.14:4, Lk.13:14 Suffer Little Children Come to Me: painting by Rembrandt (1620)…

[Greek] ἀγαλλιάω (agalliaō), [Latin] exultare, [Latin] guadere: to make glorious, to exult, to rejoice greatly, to jump for joy, to be exceedingly glad, to be extremely joyful; Mt.5:12, Lk.1:47, Lk.10:21, Jn.5:35, Jn.8:56, Acts 2:26, Acts 16:34, 1Pet.1:6,8, 1Pet.4:13, Rev. 19:7…

[Greek] ἀγνόημα (agnoēma), [Latin] ignorantia, [Old Norse] mistaka: ignorance, sin of ignorance, shortcoming, error; Heb.9:7 The Last Communion of St. Jerome: painting by Sandro Botticelli (1495) “Our Lord Jesus Christ does not give communion with God only to one whom…

Greek] ἀθανασία (athanasia), [Latin] immortalitis: immortality, deathlessness, a state of not being able to die; 1Cor.15:53-54, 1Tim.6:16 Maccabees: painting by Woijciech Stattler (1842).  The Maccabees, by remaining faithful through persecution or martyrdom, will seek everlasting life (immortality). Background information: Greek…

[Greek] ἀνορθόω (anorthoō), [Latin] erecta est, [Latin] revertare: to build up again, to restore, to straighten up, to make erect (from a bent position, to set straight, to lift up, to encourage; Lk.13:13, Acts 15:16, Heb.12:12 Christ Healing an Infirm…

[Greek] στόμα (stoma), [Latin] os: mouth, body part, speech, voice, words; 79 scriptural examples Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means mouth, organ of speech, word, tongue, mouth of a passage (river), voice, orifice, and message. Aeschylus’ Prometheus Bound 1032…

[Greek] ἀποκλείω (apokleiō), [Latin] cludere, [Latin] excludere: to shut completely, to shut up, to close fully; Lk.13:25 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to shout out, to exclude from, to turn away from, to refuse, to imprison, and to…

[Greek] ἐκλύω (ekluō), [Latin] deficere, [Latin] solvere: to loose, to release, to grow weary, to grow faint, to relax, to unloose; Mt.9:36, Mt.15:32, Mk.8:3, Gal.6:9, Heb.12: Esparta sandals (5th-6th century B.C) found in Spain.  One rests when unloosing (removing) the…

[Greek] ἐπιστομίζω (epistomizō), [Latin] silere, [Latin] refrenare, [Latin] prohibere, [Latin] desistere: to bridle, to silence, to curb; Tit.1:11 Remnants of Agius Titus Basilica in Gortys, Crete. St. Titus was the first archbishop of Crete Background information: Hellenism: This term means…

[Greek] κραυγάζω (kraugazō), [Latin] clamare: to crow, to cry out, to clamor, to yell loudly; Mt.12:19, Mt.15:22, Lk. 4:41, Jn.11:43, Jn.18:40, Jn.19:6,15, Acts 22:23 Job 38:41: Who provides nourishment for the raven when its young cry out to God, wandering…

[Greek] καταπαύω (katapauō), [Latin] cessare, [Latin] desistere: Acts 14:18, Heb.4:4,8,10; to cause to cease, to resist, to desist, to settle down, to restrain, to stop Paul and Barnabas in Lystra: painting by Johann Heiss (1678). Despite Paul’s pleas, the crowd…

[Greek] συνθάπτω (synthaptō), [Latin] sepelire: to bury together with; Rom.6:4, Col.2:12 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to bury together and to join in burying. Lycurgus’ Against Alecestis 150 states “With the bodies of these men was buried the…

[Greek] ἐκτρέφω (ektrephō), [Latin] nutrire, [French] nourrir: to bring up, to nourish, to rear, to bring up a child; Eph.5:29, Eph.6:4 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means to bring up, to nourish, and to rear. Herodotus’ Histories 1.122 states…

[Greek] βάσανος (basanos), [Latin] probatio, [Latin] temptatio, [Latin] tormentum: torture, torment, examination by torture, severe pain, Mt.4:24, Lk. 16:23,28 The Rich Man being led to Hell: painting by David Teniers the Younger (1647) Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term, originally…

[Greek] καταρτισμός (katartismos), [Latin] aedificatio, [Latin] apparatus: restoration, equipment, complete furnishing, perfection; Eph.4:12 Simeon the Godreceiver: painting by Alexei Yegorov (1830-1840). The Presentation of the Lord confirms (aedifies) that Simeon has seen the Messiah of the Lord. Background information: Greek…

[Greek] εἶδος (eidos), [Latin] apparentia, [Latin] figura, [French] idee: form, appearance, shape; Lk.3:22, Lk.9:29, Jn.5:27, 2Cor.5:7, 1Thess.5:22 The Baptism of Christ: painting by Pietro Perungino (1482) Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means what is visible, model, idea, essence, appearance,…

[Greek] ἀποκτείνω (apokteinō), [Latin] caedere: to kill, to destroy, to put to death, to do away with; 83 scriptural references A tropaion (monument) was erected to memorialize the Battle of Leuctra where the Phocians slayed the Thebans in 371 BC.…

[Greek] θάπτω (thaptō), [Latin] sepelire, [Latin] cremitare: to bury, to entomb, to celebrate funeral rites; Mt.8:21-22, Mt.14:12, Lk.9:59-60, Lk.16:22, Acts 2:29, Acts 5:6,9-10, 1Cor.15:4 The Death of Ananias: painting by Raphael (1515).  Ananias and Sapphira both lie to the Holy…

[Greek] βρέφος (brephos), [Latin] infans, [Latin] fetus, [German] kind: newborn child, unborn child, baby, toddler, infant, embryo; Lk. 1:41,44. Lk. 2:12,16, Lk. 18:15, Acts 7:19, 2Tim.3:15, 1Pet.2:2 A quote from Martin Luther King Jr.: “Every aborted baby is like a…

[Greek] σπλάγχνον (splagchnon), [Latin] viscera, [Latin] intestina: gut, intestines, viscera, bowels, emotions, sympathy, inward parts; Lk.1:78, Acts 1:18, 2Cor.6:12, 2Cor.7:15, Php.1:8, Php.2:1, Col.3:12, Phl.7,12,20 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means inward parts (hearts, liver, kidneys), sacrificial offering, entrails, loin,…

[Greek] πλατύς (platys), [Latin] lata: wide, broad, flat; Mt.7:13 The Narrow Gate to Heaven and the Wicked Gate to Hell: painting by Cornelius de Bie (1627-1715) Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means wide, broad, spread out, flat, and level.…

[Greek] σκληρύνω (sklērynō), [Latin] obdurare, [Latin] indurare, [French] perseverer, [French] persister, [German] hart machen (make hard): to be stubborn, to harden, to be hardened, to cause to be stubborn; Acts 19:9, Rom. 9:18, Heb.3:8,13,15, Heb.4:7 Hardness of heart: resistant attitudes…

[Greek] συμμιμητής (symmimētēs), [Latin] imitator: fellow imitator, one who mimics, one who imitates, to do what is seen to be done by someone else; Php.3:17 Plato’s concept of essence (the idea of the thing is the thing) becomes the inspiration…

[Greek] τόκος (tokos), [Latin] usura: interest, a bringing forth, usury, childbirth, offspring; Mt.25:27, Lk.19:23 The Madonna of the Incarnation: painting by Bernardino Luini (1515). Mary is the theotokos (God-bearer) or Mother of God Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means…

[Greek] ἐνέργημα (energēma), [Latin] operatio: effect, operation, energy, activity; 1Cor.12:6,10 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means what is effected, act, action, operation, and labors. Cosmic or physical forces are at work in man or in the physical world. Polybius’…

[Greek] ἄνθραξ (anthrax), [Latin] carbones, [Swedish] kol: coal, charcoal, cause to be ashamed; Rom.12:20 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means charcoal, coal, precious dark stone, and malignant pustule (boil). Archanae, one of the regions of Greece, was the center…

[Greek] μωρός (mōros), [Latin] fatuus, [Latin] stultus, [Latin] imprudens, [Latin] stupidus: dull, insipid, foolish, stupid, unwise, dull-witted; Mt.5:22, Mt.7:26, Mt.23:17,19, Mt.25:2,3,8, 1Cor.1:25,27, 1Cor.3:18, 1Cor.4:10, 2Tim.2:23, Tit.3:9 Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means dull, sluggish (of the nerves), stupid, folly,…

[Greek] βατταλογέω (battalogeō), [French] babiller: Mt. 6:7, to use many words, to babble, to speak much The Tower of Babel: painting by Peter Bruegel (1560) Background information: Old Testament: This term means to babble, to speak incoherently and to speak…

[Greek] κληρονόμος (klēronomos), [Latin] heres: heir, sharer by lot; Mt.21:38, Mk.12:7, Lk.20:14, Rom.4:13-14, Rom.8:17, Heb.1:2, Heb.6:17, Heb.11:7, Jas.2:5 The parable of the wicked tenants: painting by Maarten van Valckenborch (1580) Background information: Greek Hellenism: This term means natural heir, one…