[Greek] διδάσκω (didaskō): to teach, to instruct, to provide instruction, to explain, to teach doctrine, to lead to deeper understanding, to teach in a group setting; Mt.11:1, Lk11:1, Rom.2:21, Col.1:28, Col.3:16, 1Tim.2:12, 1Tim;11, 2Tim 2:2, Heb.5:12, 1Jn.2:27, Mt.9:35, Jn.14:26
A student using a wax tablet during this education
Background Information:
Secular/Hellenism: This term essentially focuses on the purpose and content of the message with the intent of teaching, instructing, and imparting formation. In the area of practical arts and crafts, the teacher forms a bridge to the knowledge and ability of the pupil. The aim is the highest possible development of the talents of the pupil. This provides the framework of a systematic and organized method of instruction for the pupil. This term is infrequently used in the religious sense. Although Hellenism sought to develop talents and abilities, this term is rarely found in Hellenism, where the gods were seen as distant and aloof. In the theater, conductors (poets) often instructed and trained the chorus in preparation for the performance of the play.
Old Testament: This term, occurring quite frequently, is related to several Hebrew terms. This subject matter may involve the religious sphere (doing God’s will), the use of weapons, or practicing a song. The religious sense of instruction becomes more concerned with the whole person and his education in the deepest sense. It makes no difference who provides the instruction. God, the head of the family, or the righteous may assume this function. Although there may be some commonality, the secular sense primarily aims to develop one’s talents and capabilities. On the other hand, the religious sense applies to the whole person and his education in the deepest sense. Therefore, I teach you the statutes and decrees as the Lord, my God has commanded me (Deut. 4:5). Whom did he consult to gain knowledge? (Isa. 40:14). Who trained my hands for war till my arms could bend a bow of brass (2Sam.22:35). Write out this song, then, for yourselves (Deut.31:19). Does the one who guides nations not rebuke? (Psa. 93:10). Teach me to do your will, for you are my God (Psa.142:10). Teach them to your children, speaking of them at home and abroad (Deut.11:19). Do not drive my from your presence, nor take from my your holy spirit (Psa. 50:13).
New Testament: This term, primarily meaning to teach or instruct, occurs in the gospels and in the first part of Acts in reference to the first followers and the early Church. Teaching is one of the most prominent functions of Jesus in His public ministry. Places of instruction included the synagogues, the temple, and other locations. Upon standing while reading scripture, Jesus would sit down and address the crowd. Likewise, Jesus would often sit down and teach His disciples and followers. The whole teaching is with a view of life with reference to God and neighbor. Jesus appeals to others calling for a decision to either the will of God or against it. Jesus does not view the Law in an absolute sense. The Law and scripture are a confirmation of His own relationship with the Father. Jesus is advancing the claim of God, which has as its goal the education and reformation of man according to the will of God.
The Gospels: Matthew’s gospel is essentially a teaching manual, where Jesus teaches in the synagogues, the Temple, and in the public arena. Luke’s gospel, influenced by the Hellenistic tradition, was written to the Gentles and the lowly common folk. Mark’s gospel was written in a blunt (matter of fact) way for those Gentiles and Romans who were experiencing persecution. Essentially, Mark was trying to say, “Listen, folks, it is not going to be easy to be a Christian.” Unlike the other gospels, John’s gospel focuses on Christology, the nature of Christ. Teaching and instruction comes from Jesus’ inspiration from the Father and Holy Spirit.
Scripture:
“Jesus went around to all the towns and villages, teaching in their synagogues, proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom, and curing every disease and illness.” Mt.9:35
This scripture shows the various locations of Jesus’ teaching ministry.
“He was praying in a certain place, and when He had finished, one of His disciples said to Him, ‘Lord, teach us to pray just as John taught his disciples.” Lk.11:1
A strong relationship (bridge) exists between Jesus and the disciples. This allows for the transmission of Jesus’ knowledge (teachings) to the disciples.
“The Advocate, the Holy Spirit that the Father will send in My name—He will teach you everything and remind you of all that I told you.” Jn. 14:26
This scripture shows how Jesus draws inspiration from the Father and Holy Spirit.
Didache: The Didache or Teaching of the Twelve Apostles was written before 150 A.D. Although not considered a canonical work, the Didache provides an insightful picture of the practices of the early Christian community. Didache 11,3 states “in regard to the apostles and prophets, act according to the doctrine of the gospel.” The Didache is essentially an instruction manual for the early Christians.
Conclusion:
Didache, didactic
In the Greco-Roman culture, it was very important for the young person to have a well-rounded education. This system of education became an early precursor to our current system of education of young people. I thought it was quite ingenious to have developed the wax tablet. This was an idea very much ahead of its time. Now today we have electronic tablets with a stylus.
In the Old Testament culture, the teacher (rabbi)/disciple relationship was also very instrumental in teaching the Law. Jesus continues this teacher/disciple relationship in the New Testament. It is interesting to note that each gospel had an intended purpose and audience. The Jews can more readily identify with kings. That is why Matthew’s gospel is identified with the three kings. The poor and the outcast can more readily identify with shepherds. That is why Luke’s gospel is identified with shepherds.
It makes sense that this term is very much stressed during the beginning of the Christian movement, which needed instruction. The Didache is the perfect illustration of this. Let’s be honest, the word “didactic” is not exactly a frequent word in current conversation. For example, a didactic novel sets out to make a moral argument. So I think you get the idea.