[Greek] πραγματεύομαι (pragmateuomai), [Latin] negotiari, [French] faire du commerce: to busy oneself, to do business, to occupy, to trade, to be engaged in business; Lk.19:13,15
Background information:
Greek Hellenism: This term means to pursue with vigor, to render political service, to seek intellectual pursuits, and to conduct business affairs.
Plato’s Phaedo 99d: “Do you wish me to give you an account of the way in which I conduct my voyage in quest of the cause?”
Xenophon’s Cyropaedia 2.4.26: “You often keep yourself busy all night without sleeping; you should let your men rest long enough.”
Plato’s Greater Hippias 304c: “For you say of me what you are now saying, that I busy myself with selling little matters of no account.”
Old Testament: This term means to do business, to accomplish, to make, and to finish. This term also refers to property gained, and the work that God accomplishes in Genesis.
New Testament: This term means to do business and to make a profit. The parable of the ten gold coins stresses the importance of the stewardship of the gifts that one receives. It is more important to bear fruit (profit) and to show generosity.
Scripture:
“He called ten of his servants and gave them ten gold coins and told them, ‘Engage in trade with these until I return.’” Lk.19:13
This parable illustrates the importance of stewardship of the gifts in which one receives.
“But when he returned after obtaining the kingship, he had the servant called, to whom he had given the money, to learn what they had gained by trading.” Lk.19:15
Etymology: The related Greek noun pragma means deed (what has been done). The Latin noun negotium means business affair, to do business, and to trade. This noun derives (neg-) lack and otium (idleness) [Lack of idleness]. A merchant (emporos) is one who goes on a journey (poros). This person is a trader selling his wares. An emporium is the place where the merchandise is sold. A pragamatist is one who is guided by practical considerations.
Conclusion:
Pragmatic, pragmatist, negotiate, negotiation, negotiator, commerce
In the Greco-Roman world, it was a highly held value to serve the state in some capacity. Much prestige with such a position. The wealthy and influential person would have the time and luxury to pursue the arts and hobbies. Philosophers would pursue their intellectual interests.
In the Old Testament, the concept of work was very important since the beginning of God’s creation. But work was forbidden on the Sabbath. Work was illustrated by craftsmen and skill trades.
The New Testament culture sheds light on the precursor to the modern merchant and business. Profit becomes important in light of the efficiency, effectiveness, and generosity of the merchant.
Update: Many have voiced questions and concerns about exchanging Viktor Bout for Brittney Griner.
The Federal Reserve continues to trade (weigh) monetary policies against inflation concerns.
The Democrats and Republicans continue to trade (negotiate) measures to continue government funding.
Our nation will ultimately have to negotiate natural security concerns with our current immigration problems.
The Republicans will soon be engaged in investigation Hunter Biden and the Biden administration.