[Greek] ἀνταγωνίζομαι (antagōnizomai), [Latin] contendere, [Latin] certare, [Latin] sollicitus, [French] disputer: to strive against, to struggle against, to resist, to fight against, to stand firm, to be a competitor in a contest, to struggle with; Heb.12:4
Background Information:
Competition/contest metaphor: At the beginning of Hebrews chapter 12, the writer sets the stage of running a race that lies before us. The runners are challenged and encouraged to finish the race (Christian life) by keeping their eyes on Jesus. Later, the writer provides the image of a “face to face combat” (struggle) against sin. This image is likened to a wrestling match or gladiatorial contest. The Christians are exhorted to strive against sin.
New Testament: This may take on an internal, external, or supernatural nature. Internal sin may involve the inclination and enticement to sin. External sin may involve persecution from others against Christians. Supernatural sin involves being tempted by demonic forces of the spiritual realm. The writer encourages the Christians to stand firm and resist sin, even to the point of shedding blood.
Scripture:
“In your struggle against sin you have not yet resisted to the point of shedding blood.” Heb. 12:4
The writer of Hebrews encourages his readers to see their trials as discipline and to keep their eyes focused on Christ. These struggles against sin may take on various forms. These may become ongoing “face to face” struggles.
Conclusion:
Antagonism, antagonize, contend, contention, dispute, certain, solicit
The writer of Hebrews presents a clear and realistic image of the Christian life, which can be a competition/contest filled with obstacles and adversaries. These Hebrew Christians can find solace and support by looking at Jesus’ example. Therefore, meaning can be found with these struggles. Contemporary readers, familiar with sports/athletic metaphors, can identify with these contests. Like good athletes, Christians must train themselves (strengthen their faith) and prepare themselves as they face their opponents.