[Greek] ἀνακρίνω (anakrinō), [Latin] interrogare, [Latin] diiudicare, [Latin] invenire, [Latin] cognoscere, [Latin] scrutare, [Latin] examinare, [Latin] iudicare

[Greek] ἀνακρίνω (anakrinō), [Latin] interrogare, [Latin] diiudicare, [Latin] invenire, [Latin] cognoscere, [Latin] scrutare, [Latin] examinare, [Latin] iudicare: to examine, to investigate, to scrutinize, to ask, to study; Lk.23:14, Acts 4:9, Acts 12:19, Acts 17:11, Acts 24:8, Acts 28:18, 1Cor.2:14-15, 1Cor.4:3-4, 1Cor.9:3, 1Cor.10:25,27, 1Cor.14:24

After many years of intended and unintended Eucharistic sacrilege, the Church must re-evaluate and re-examine the practice of receiving the Eucharist in the hand.

Background information:

Greek Hellenism: This term means to investigate, to interrogate, to inquire, to examine, and to question.

Thucydides’ The Peloponnesian War 1.95: “The Lacedaemonians recalled Pausanias for an investigation of the reports which had reached them.”

Antiphon’s First Tetralogy 2.19: “And in reply to our questions stated that the only assailant whom he recognized was the defendant.”

Demosthenes’ Against Olympiodorus 48.31: “The archon conducted the preliminary examination for all claimants, and when he concluded this, he brought the case to court.”

Antiphon’s First Tetralogy 2.32: “They would have questioned him closely and have informed us who the criminals were, so that the defendant would not have been accused.”

Isaeus’ Dicaegenes 5.32: “The arbitrators interrogated us many times and learnt the facts.”

Old Testament: This term means to search for and to investigate.

New Testament: This term means to investigate, to examine, to search, to try, to question, and to judge. For purposes of brevity, I will focus on one being judged.

Scripture:

Others judging others:

1. Luke 23:14: Pilate conducts his investigation of Jesus. (Pilate can only judge by human standards.)
2. Acts 12:19: Herod instituted a search for Peter.
3. Acts 24:8: The governor Felix examines Paul.
4. Acts 28:18: The Romans investigated Paul.

Acts17:11: The Jews examined the scriptures daily to determine whether the things were so.

One being judged:

1. Acts 4:9: “If we are being examined today about a good deed, then you should know that it is was in the name of Jesus.” (Peter tells the Sanhedrin if he had to explain himself, he healed a cripple in the authority of Jesus Christ. The Sanhedrin were amazed, confounded, and helpless in curtailing Peter’s and John’s healing actions.)
2. 1Cor.2:14: “The natural person does not accept to what pertains to the Spirit of God, for it is foolishness. He cannot not understand it because it is judged spiritually.” (These fleshy peoples’ existence, perceptions, and behavior are determined by natural principles. Such persons are only infants.)
3. 1Cor.2:15: “The spiritual person can judge everything, but is not subject to judgment by anyone.” (The spiritual person, who have been given knowledge of what pertains to God, they share in God’s own capacity to judge. Therefore, they are exempted to judgement.)
4. 1Cor.4:3-4: “It does not concern me in the least that I be judged by you or any human tribunal…the one who judges me is the Lord.” (Paul does not concern himself with human judgment (values). Only God’s concerns matter to Paul.)

What have been the consequences of receiving Communion in the hand? lack of faith in the Real Presence and related Eucharistic sacrilege

What are the causes (sources) of this problem?

1. Disobedient Belgium bishops introduced receiving Communion in the hand in the 1960’s.
2. Shortly afterwards, the decline of Catholics’ belief and faith has been spiraling downwards ever since. Only 30% of Catholics believe in the Real Presence.
3. Some mistakenly believe that Jesus gave Communion in the hand to the Apostles.
4. Therefore, this is what the early Church did.

What are the objections (arguments) against [universal]receiving Communion in the hand?

1. The Apostles, being consecrated, were priest and bishops. They were allowed to receive Communion in the hand.
2. Communion in the hand was allowed under times of persecution.
3. Communion in the hand was allowed for hermits and ascetics in the wilderness who do not have priests.

What happened at Vatican II (1962-1965)?

1. A large number of progressive (Modern) theologians, censored by Pope Pius XII, were able to get themselves invited into the council by Pope John XIII.
2. These theologians , successful in holding sway at the Council, help to word sixteen documents with ambiguous language.
3. These theologians helped to promulgate a new Mass with elicit aid by Pope Paul VI.
4. Immediately after, the rapid decline of Catholic belief, Mass attendance, and religious vocation began.
5. Progressive theologians in Germany, Netherlands, France, and the United States illegally introduced Communion in the hands in their regions.

How did Pope Paul VI respond to this crisis?

1. Pope Paul VI naively asked the local bishops for their help in solving this issue.
2. The bishops opened the door to increase the practice of Communion in the hands.
3. Pope Paul VI granted an indult to authorize this practice. Pope Paul VI did not call attention to the bishops’ disobedience.
4. Pope Paul VI warned about the grave dangers (loss of reverence, sacrilege, adulteration of doctrine, and profanation).
5. Pope Paul VI was unable to stop this.  Communion in the hands became more widespread.

How did the US bishops respond to the Vatican?

1. The American bishops successfully managed to maneuver around Pope Paul VI’s restrictions.
2. Communion in the hands was illegally authorized in the United States.
3. The American bishops totally ignored Pope Paul VI’s requirements expressed in his indult.
4. To get around the lack of votes, bishops who were not present, retired, or even dying, were illegally polled.

Quotes:

St. Basil:  To receive Communion in the hand was considered a “grave immoderation under normal circumstances.”

Pope St. Sixtus I (115-125 AD):  “It is prohibited for the faithful to even touch the sacred vessels, or receive in the hand.”

Council of Rouen (650 AD): “Do not put the Eucharist in the hands of any layman or laywoman but only in their mouths.”

1Cor.11:29: “Anyone who eats and drinks without discerning the body, eats and drinks judgment on himself”

Bishops Athanasius Schneider: four grave consequences of receiving Holy Communion in the hand:

1. Particles of the Sacred Host are dropped to the floor and trampled upon.
2. Receiving in the hand minimizes our physical gesture of adoration (when we should express the maximum gesture of adoration).
3. The incidence of stealing consecrated Hosts increase.
4. This manner of self-feeding is similar to taking common food as we would in a cafeteria. The Holy Eucharist should not be treated as regular food.

Conclusion:

Interrogate, demand, accuse, accusation, adjudicate, decide, discern, distinguish, find, invent, scrutinize, cognizant, remark, perceive, examine, prove, audit, judge, condemn

Update: