[Greek] ἀνακρίνω (anakrinō), [Latin] interrogare, [Latin] diiudicare, [Latin] invenire, [Latin] cognoscere, [Latin] scrutare, [Latin] examinare, [Latin] iudicare

[Greek] ἀνακρίνω (anakrinō), [Latin] interrogare, [Latin] diiudicare, [Latin] invenire, [Latin] cognoscere, [Latin] scrutare, [Latin] examinare, [Latin] iudicare: to examine, to investigate, to scrutinize, to ask, to study; Lk.23:14, Acts 4:9, Acts 12:19, Acts 17:11, Acts 24:8, Acts 28:18, 1Cor.2:14-15, 1Cor.4:3-4, 1Cor.9:3, 1Cor.10:25,27, 1Cor.14:24

After many years of intended and unintended Eucharistic sacrilege, the Church must re-evaluate and re-examine the practice of receiving the Eucharist in the hand.

 

Other related terms: [French] demander, [French] accuser, [French] decider, [French] discerner, [French] distinguer, [German] finden, [French] remarquer, [French] percevoir, [German] prufen, [French] auditer, [French] juger, [French] condemner

Background information:

Greek Hellenism: This term means to investigate, to interrogate, to inquire, to examine, and to question.

Thucydides’ The Peloponnesian War 1.95: “The Lacedaemonians recalled Pausanias for an investigation of the reports which had reached them.”

Antiphon’s First Tetralogy 2.19: “And in reply to our questions stated that the only assailant whom he recognized was the defendant.”

Demosthenes’ Against Olympiodorus 48.31: “The archon conducted the preliminary examination for all claimants, and when he concluded this, he brought the case to court.”

Antiphon’s First Tetralogy 2.32: “They would have questioned him closely and have informed us who the criminals were, so that the defendant would not have been accused.”

Isaeus’ Dicaegenes 5.32: “The arbitrators interrogated us many times and learnt the facts.”

Old Testament: This term means to search for and to investigate.

New Testament: This term means to investigate, to examine, to search, to try, to question, and to judge. For purposes of brevity, I will focus on one being judged.

Scripture:

Others judging others:

1. Luke 23:14: Pilate conducts his investigation of Jesus
2. Acts 12:19: Herod instituted a search for Peter
3. Acts 24:8: The governor Felix examines Paul
4. Acts 28:18: The Romans investigated Paul

Acts17:11: The Jews examined the scriptures daily to determine whether the things were so.

One being judged:

1. Acts 4:9: “If we are being examined today about a good deed, then you should know that it is was in the name of Jesus.” (Peter tells the Sanhedrin if he had to explain himself, he healed a cripple in the authority of Jesus Christ.) 
2. 1Cor.2:14: “The natural person does not accept to what pertains to the Spirit of God, for it is foolishness. He cannot not understand it because it is judged spiritually.” (These fleshy peoples’ existence, perceptions, and behavior are determined by natural principles. Such persons are only infants.)
3. 1Cor.2:15: “The spiritual person can judge everything, but is not subject to judgment by anyone.” (The spiritual person, who have been given knowledge of what pertains to God, they share in God’s own capacity to judge. Therefore, they are exempted to judgement.)
4. 1Cor.4:3-4: “It does not concern me in the least that I be judged by you or any human tribunal…the one who judges me is the Lord.” (Paul does not concern himself with human judgment (values). Only God’s concerns matter to Paul.)

Quotes:

“Whatever you can do to stop Communion in the hand will be blessed by God.” Fr. John Hardon

“It is prohibited for the faithful to even to touch the sacred vessels, or receive in the hand.” Pope St. Sixtus (115-225 AD)

“For anyone who eats and drinks without discerning the body, eats and drinks judgment on himself.” 1Cor.11:29

Re-examination of receiving Communion in the hand:

Who originally instigated or initiated this practice? This was started by some disobedience Belgium bishops in the 1960’s. What first was a exceptional indult later became a Church approved universal practice.

What has been consequences and problems from practice? Among Catholics, there has been a continued decline in faith (belief) and in the Real Presence.

What are some historical conditions for receiving Communion in the hand?

1. Jesus gave the Apostles Communion in the hand: The Apostles were consecrated bishops and priests, who were given the right to handle the Eucharist.
2. Communion in the hand is permitted under times of persecution where no priest is present.
3. Communion in the hand is permitted for hermits and ascetics in the wilderness who do not have priests
4. Historically speaking, receiving Communion in the hand has been the exception, not the norm.

How did Vatican II respond to this push to receive Communion in the hand?

1. A large number of progressive theologians censored by Pope Pius XII were invited to participate in the council.
2. These theologians were successful in holding sway at Vatican II.
3. These theologians helped to promulgate a new Mass by eliciting the aid of Pope Paul VI.
4. With this new Mass in place, the rapid decline of Catholic belief, Mass attendance, and religious vocations began.
5. Pope Paul VI granted and indult exception, for those places this practice was established.
6. The practice of receiving Communion in the hand continue to spread universally.

How did the American bishops respond to this push to receive Communion in the hand?

1. The American bishops successfully managed to maneuver around Pope Paul VI’s restrictions.
2. The USCCB illegally authorized the practice of receiving Communion in the hand in 1977.
3. The American bishops ignored Pope Paul VI’s requirements expressed in his indult allowing this practice.
4. To get around the lack of votes, bishops not present, retired bishops, and dying bishops were polled illegally.

Cognizance: A mark or measure by which something or someone is known by. A criminal suspect is granted release (no bail money is paid) and promises to appear in court.

Conclusion:

Interrogate, demand, accuse, accusation, adjudicate, decide, discern, distinguish, find, invent, scrutinize, cognizant, remark, perceive, examine, prove, audit, judge, condemn

Pilate could only judge Jesus by human standards.

The Sanhedrin were amazed, confounded, and helpless in curtailing Peter’s and John’s healing actions.

Paul is not concerned about being judged by human standards. Paul does this for the sake of the gospel.

Update: The biased January 6 commission (investigation) did not really move public opinion among Americans.

Both Republicans and Democrats will both claim they have received favorable judgment to govern in Congress.

Republicans will further examine the reasons for less than a “red wave” in this past election.

Democrats will further examine the reasons won the Senate and prevented a “red wave.”

Spiritually-minded Republicans and Conservatives are both surprised, not surprised, and disappointed that many voters turned out to further support abortion rights.

President Biden believes that he has received a mandate from the American voters??

The Republican plan to investigate President Biden, Hunter Biden, and other government officials for their suspicious actions.