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Clement XI (1700-1721)     245th Pope

He was renowned for his piety and wit

He reformed prison administration, pioneered public works, and distributed vast amounts of charity

He declared the feast of the Conception of the Virgin as a holy day of obligation

He condemned Jansenism

He was a man of great culture and patron of the arts

Innocent XIII (1721-1724)     246th Pope

He renewed the condemnation of Jansenism

 

 

 

 

 

Benedict XIII (1724-1730)     247th Pope

He joined the Dominican order

He sought to abolish the worldly pomp and luxury among cardinals

He renewed the ban on Jansenism

 

 

Clement XII (1730-1740)     248th Pope

He was slowly going blind

He work to clear up financial problems of his predecessor

He filled up the treasury

He initiated public works of every sort

He became totally blind in his second year in office

He help assisted the Passionists

He condemned the Freemasons, because of their materialist nature of their creed, and secrecy

He canonized several saints

Benedict XIV (1740-1758)     249th Pope

He was elected because of his honesty and his reputation

He was a truly Renaissance in the best sense of the term

He had a deep personal piety

He did not fear the so-called Enlightenment

He was a prolific writer

He was interested in every facet of Church and civil life

He revised the calendar and the martyrology

He originated the current encyclical

He was one of the most cultured popes

 

Clement XIII (1758-1769)     250th Pope

He was noted for his personal holiness and public charity

Regalism and Enlightenment were two strains that united in Catholic Europe

Regalism saw a force in the church that must be subordinated to the secular power for the good of the state

Enlightenment measured all things by human reason, all else was dismissed as superstition

The practical effect of this union was to create a ruling class that looked with envy to the complete power Protestant princes exercised over their pet clergy. They sought to purge the Church of anything that seemed repellent to the spirit of the age

Devotions, pilgrimages, orders, Latin in the liturgy should be eliminated

They further frown on evangelizing non Catholics because they believed in universal salvation

Some thought they were saving the Church by keeping the Church relevant to the times

The Jesuits had spread all over the world, making inroads in Protestantism. They were eventually expelled

He was faithful to conservative ideas, not being very popular in many Catholic countries

 

Clement XIV (1769-1774)      251st Pope

He tolerated the suppression of the Jesuits

The expelling of the Jesuits created a shortage of clergy in the Latin America. This suppression contributed to the revolutionary storm that would soon break out in Europe. This would also lead to the independence movement in Latin America

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pius VI (1775-1799)     252nd Pope

The emperor sought to regulate the life of the Church. Seminary training was henceforth to be regulated by the state. It was the express goal priest good subjects to the state

After the U.S. won its independence, the Catholic organization need reorginazation.  American authorities would look with disfavor an appointment made my and English official.

He sought the advice from Benjamin Franklin and John Carroll as the first bishop of Baltimore

The French Revolution also occurred at this time

The French Catholic Church was separated from Rome

Napolean conquered Rome and captured him

 

The Papacy: (1700-1800 A.D.) Part 18

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